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Copy filename into preallocated field with Cytoplasm's Memory API #33

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jordan merged 2 commits from lda/Cytoplasm:direct-filenames into master 2024-08-18 23:26:20 +00:00
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399
src/Int64.c
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@ -1,399 +0,0 @@
/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#include <Int64.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <Log.h>
#ifdef INT64_NATIVE
#define Int64Sign(x) ((int) (((UInt64) (x)) >> 63))
#else
#define Int64Sign(x) ((int) ((x).i[1] >> 31))
#endif
size_t
Int64Str(Int64 x, int base, char *out, size_t len)
{
static const char symbols[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
size_t i = len - 1;
size_t j = 0;
int neg = Int64Sign(x);
Int64 base64 = Int64Create(0, base);
/* We only have symbols up to base 16 */
if (base < 2 || base > 16)
{
return 0;
}
/*
* This algorithm doesn't work on INT64_MIN.
*
* But it works on all other integers in the range, so we
* just scoot the range in by one for now. It's a hack and
* I'm not a huge fan of it, but this function is mostly
* used in Json, which shouldn't have a range this large
* anyway (Json is limited to -2^53 -> 2^53-1).
*
* Proper fixes are always welcome.
*/
if (Int64Eq(x, Int64Create(0x80000000, 0x00000000)))
{
x = Int64Add(x, Int64Create(0, 1));
}
#if 0
else if (Int64Eq(x, Int64Create(0x7FFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF)))
{
x = Int64Sub(x, Int64Create(0, 1));
}
#endif
if (base != 2 && base != 8 && base != 16 && neg)
{
x = Int64Neg(x);
}
do
{
Int64 mod = Int64Rem(x, base64);
Int32 low = Int64Low(mod);
out[i] = symbols[low];
i--;
x = Int64Div(x, base64);
} while (Int64Gt(x, Int64Create(0, 0)));
if (base != 2 && base != 8 && base != 16)
{
/*
* Binary, octal, and hexadecimal are known to
* be bit representations. Everything else (notably
* decimal) should include the negative sign.
*/
if (neg)
{
out[i] = '-';
i--;
}
}
while (++i < len)
{
out[j++] = out[i];
}
out[j] = '\0';
return j;
}
#ifndef INT64_NATIVE
/* No native 64-bit support, add our own */
Int64
Int64Create(UInt32 high, UInt32 low)
{
Int64 x;
x.i[0] = low;
x.i[1] = high;
return x;
}
Int64
Int64Add(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
Int64 z = Int64Create(0, 0);
int carry;
z.i[0] = x.i[0] + y.i[0];
carry = z.i[0] < x.i[0];
z.i[1] = x.i[1] + y.i[1] + carry;
return z;
}
Int64
Int64Sub(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
return Int64Add(x, Int64Neg(y));
}
Int64
Int64Mul(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
Int64 z = Int64Create(0, 0);
int xneg = Int64Sign(x);
int yneg = Int64Sign(y);
if (xneg)
{
x = Int64Neg(x);
}
if (yneg)
{
y = Int64Neg(y);
}
/* while (y > 0) */
while (Int64Gt(y, Int64Create(0, 0)))
{
/* if (y & 1 != 0) */
if (Int64Neq(Int64And(y, Int64Create(0, 1)), Int64Create(0, 0)))
{
z = Int64Add(z, x);
}
x = Int64Sll(x, 1);
y = Int64Sra(y, 1);
}
if (xneg != yneg)
{
z = Int64Neg(z);
}
return z;
}
typedef struct
{
Int64 q;
Int64 r;
} Int64Ldiv;
static Int64Ldiv
Int64LongDivision(Int64 n, Int64 d)
{
Int64Ldiv o;
int i;
int nneg = Int64Sign(n);
int dneg = Int64Sign(d);
o.q = Int64Create(0, 0);
o.r = Int64Create(0, 0);
if (Int64Eq(d, Int64Create(0, 0)))
{
raise(SIGFPE);
return o;
}
if (nneg)
{
n = Int64Neg(n);
}
if (dneg)
{
d = Int64Neg(d);
}
for (i = 63; i >= 0; i--)
{
Int64 bit = Int64And(Int64Sra(n, i), Int64Create(0, 1));
o.r = Int64Sll(o.r, 1);
o.r = Int64Or(o.r, bit);
if (Int64Geq(o.r, d))
{
o.r = Int64Sub(o.r, d);
o.q = Int64Or(o.q, Int64Sll(Int64Create(0, 1), i));
}
}
if (nneg != dneg)
{
o.r = Int64Neg(o.r);
o.q = Int64Neg(o.q);
}
return o;
}
Int64
Int64Div(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
return Int64LongDivision(x, y).q;
}
Int64
Int64Rem(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
return Int64LongDivision(x, y).r;
}
Int64
Int64Sll(Int64 x, int y)
{
Int64 z;
if (!y)
{
return x;
}
z = Int64Create(0, 0);
if (y < 32)
{
z.i[1] = (x.i[0] >> (32 - y)) | (x.i[1] << y);
z.i[0] = x.i[0] << y;
}
else
{
z.i[1] = x.i[0] << (y - 32);
}
return z;
}
Int64
Int64Sra(Int64 x, int y)
{
Int64 z;
int neg = Int64Sign(x);
if (!y)
{
return x;
}
z = Int64Create(0, 0);
if (y < 32)
{
z.i[0] = (x.i[1] << (32 - y)) | (x.i[0] >> y);
z.i[1] = x.i[1] >> y;
}
else
{
z.i[0] = x.i[1] >> (y - 32);
}
if (neg)
{
Int64 mask = Int64Create(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
z = Int64Or(Int64Sll(mask, (64 - y)), z);
}
return z;
}
Int64
Int64And(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
return Int64Create(x.i[1] & y.i[1], x.i[0] & y.i[0]);
}
Int64
Int64Or(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
return Int64Create(x.i[1] | y.i[1], x.i[0] | y.i[0]);
}
Int64
Int64Xor(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
return Int64Create(x.i[1] ^ y.i[1], x.i[0] ^ y.i[0]);
}
Int64
Int64Not(Int64 x)
{
return Int64Create(~(x.i[1]), ~(x.i[0]));
}
int
Int64Eq(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
return x.i[0] == y.i[0] && x.i[1] == y.i[1];
}
int
Int64Lt(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
int xneg = Int64Sign(x);
int yneg = Int64Sign(y);
if (xneg != yneg)
{
return xneg > yneg;
}
else
{
if (xneg)
{
/* Both negative */
return x.i[1] > y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] > y.i[0]);
}
else
{
/* Both positive */
return x.i[1] < y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] < y.i[0]);
}
}
}
int
Int64Gt(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
int xneg = Int64Sign(x);
int yneg = Int64Sign(y);
if (xneg != yneg)
{
return xneg < yneg;
}
else
{
if (xneg)
{
/* Both negative */
return x.i[1] < y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] < y.i[0]);
}
else
{
/* Both positive */
return x.i[1] > y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] > y.i[0]);
}
}
}
#endif

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src/UInt64.c
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#include <UInt64.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <signal.h>
size_t
UInt64Str(UInt64 x, int base, char *out, size_t len)
{
static const char symbols[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
size_t i = len - 1;
size_t j = 0;
UInt64 base64 = UInt64Create(0, base);
/* We only have symbols up to base 16 */
if (base < 2 || base > 16)
{
return 0;
}
do
{
UInt64 mod = UInt64Rem(x, base64);
UInt32 low = UInt64Low(mod);
out[i] = symbols[low];
i--;
x = UInt64Div(x, base64);
} while (UInt64Gt(x, UInt64Create(0, 0)));
while (++i < len)
{
out[j++] = out[i];
}
out[j] = '\0';
return j;
}
#ifndef UINT64_NATIVE
/* No native 64-bit support, add our own */
UInt64
UInt64Create(UInt32 high, UInt32 low)
{
UInt64 x;
x.i[0] = low;
x.i[1] = high;
return x;
}
UInt64
UInt64Add(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
UInt64 z = UInt64Create(0, 0);
int carry;
z.i[0] = x.i[0] + y.i[0];
carry = z.i[0] < x.i[0];
z.i[1] = x.i[1] + y.i[1] + carry;
return z;
}
UInt64
UInt64Sub(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
UInt64 twosCompl = UInt64Add(UInt64Not(y), UInt64Create(0, 1));
return UInt64Add(x, twosCompl);
}
UInt64
UInt64Mul(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
UInt64 z = UInt64Create(0, 0);
/* while (y > 0) */
while (UInt64Gt(y, UInt64Create(0, 0)))
{
/* if (y & 1 != 0) */
if (UInt64Neq(UInt64And(y, UInt64Create(0, 1)), UInt64Create(0, 0)))
{
z = UInt64Add(z, x);
}
x = UInt64Sll(x, 1);
y = UInt64Srl(y, 1);
}
return z;
}
typedef struct
{
UInt64 q;
UInt64 r;
} UInt64Ldiv;
static UInt64Ldiv
UInt64LongDivision(UInt64 n, UInt64 d)
{
UInt64Ldiv o;
int i;
o.q = UInt64Create(0, 0);
o.r = UInt64Create(0, 0);
if (UInt64Eq(d, UInt64Create(0, 0)))
{
raise(SIGFPE);
return o;
}
for (i = 63; i >= 0; i--)
{
UInt64 bit = UInt64And(UInt64Srl(n, i), UInt64Create(0, 1));
o.r = UInt64Sll(o.r, 1);
o.r = UInt64Or(o.r, bit);
if (UInt64Geq(o.r, d))
{
o.r = UInt64Sub(o.r, d);
o.q = UInt64Or(o.q, UInt64Sll(UInt64Create(0, 1), i));
}
}
return o;
}
UInt64
UInt64Div(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return UInt64LongDivision(x, y).q;
}
UInt64
UInt64Rem(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return UInt64LongDivision(x, y).r;
}
UInt64
UInt64Sll(UInt64 x, int y)
{
UInt64 z;
if (!y)
{
return x;
}
z = UInt64Create(0, 0);
if (y < 32)
{
z.i[1] = (x.i[0] >> (32 - y)) | (x.i[1] << y);
z.i[0] = x.i[0] << y;
}
else
{
z.i[1] = x.i[0] << (y - 32);
}
return z;
}
UInt64
UInt64Srl(UInt64 x, int y)
{
UInt64 z;
if (!y)
{
return x;
}
z = UInt64Create(0, 0);
if (y < 32)
{
z.i[0] = (x.i[1] << (32 - y)) | (x.i[0] >> y);
z.i[1] = x.i[1] >> y;
}
else
{
z.i[0] = x.i[1] >> (y - 32);
}
return z;
}
UInt64
UInt64And(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return UInt64Create(x.i[1] & y.i[1], x.i[0] & y.i[0]);
}
UInt64
UInt64Or(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return UInt64Create(x.i[1] | y.i[1], x.i[0] | y.i[0]);
}
UInt64
UInt64Xor(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return UInt64Create(x.i[1] ^ y.i[1], x.i[0] ^ y.i[0]);
}
UInt64
UInt64Not(UInt64 x)
{
return UInt64Create(~(x.i[1]), ~(x.i[0]));
}
int
UInt64Eq(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return x.i[0] == y.i[0] && x.i[1] == y.i[1];
}
int
UInt64Lt(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return x.i[1] < y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] < y.i[0]);
}
int
UInt64Gt(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return x.i[1] > y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] > y.i[0]);
}
#endif

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src/include/Args.h
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_ARGS_H
#define CYTOPLASM_ARGS_H
/***
* @Nm Args
* @Nd Getopt-style argument parser that operates on arrays.
* @Dd May 12 2023
* @Xr Array
*
* .Nm
* provides a simple argument parser in the style of
* .Xr getopt 3 .
* It exists because the runtime passes the program arguments as
* an Array, and it is often useful to parse the arguments to
* provide the standard command line interface.
*/
#include <Array.h>
/**
* All state is stored in this structure, instead of global
* variables. This makes
* .Nm
* thread-safe and easy to reset.
*/
typedef struct ArgParseState
{
int optInd;
int optErr;
int optOpt;
char *optArg;
int optPos;
} ArgParseState;
/**
* Initialize the variables in the given parser state structure
* to their default values. This should be called before
* .Fn ArgParse
* is called with the parser state. It should also be called if
* .Fn ArgParse
* will be used again on a different array, or the same array all
* over again.
*/
extern void ArgParseStateInit(ArgParseState *);
/**
* Parse command line arguments stored in the given array, using
* the given state and option string. This function behaves
* identically to the POSIX
* .Fn getopt
* function, and should be used in exactly the same way. Refer to
* your system's
* .Xr getopt 3
* page for details.
*/
extern int ArgParse(ArgParseState *, Array *, const char *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_ARGS_H */

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src/include/Array.h
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_ARRAY_H
#define CYTOPLASM_ARRAY_H
/***
* @Nm Array
* @Nd A simple dynamic array data structure.
* @Dd November 24 2022
* @Xr HashMap Queue
*
* These functions implement a simple array data structure that is
* automatically resized as necessary when new values are added. This
* implementation does not actually store the values of the items in it;
* it only stores pointers to the data. As such, you will still have to
* manually maintain all your data. The advantage of this is that these
* functions don't have to copy data, and thus don't care how big the
* data is. Furthermore, arbitrary data can be stored in the array.
* .Pp
* This array implementation is optimized for storage space and
* appending. Deletions are expensive in that all the items of the list
* above a deletion are moved down to fill the hole where the deletion
* occurred. Insertions are also expensive in that all the elements
* above the given index must be shifted up to make room for the new
* element.
* .Pp
* Due to these design choices, this array implementation is best
* suited to linear writing, and then linear or random reading.
*/
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
/**
* The functions in this API operate on an array structure which is
* opaque to the caller.
*/
typedef struct Array Array;
/**
* Allocate a new array. This function returns a pointer that can be
* used with the other functions in this API, or NULL if there was an
* error allocating memory for the array.
*/
extern Array *ArrayCreate(void);
/**
* Deallocate an array. Note that this function does not free any of
* the values stored in the array; it is the caller's job to manage the
* memory for each item. Typically, the caller would iterate over all
* the items in the array and free them before freeing the array.
*/
extern void ArrayFree(Array *);
/**
* Get the size, in number of elements, of the given array.
*/
extern size_t ArraySize(Array *);
/**
* Get the element at the specified index from the specified array.
* This function will return NULL if the array is NULL, or the index
* is out of bounds. Otherwise, it will return a pointer to a value
* put into the array using
* .Fn ArrayInsert
* or
* .Fn ArraySet .
*/
extern void *ArrayGet(Array *, size_t);
/**
* Insert the specified element at the specified index in the specified
* array. This function will shift the element currently at that index,
* and any elements after it before inserting the given element.
* .Pp
* This function returns a boolean value indicating whether or not it
* suceeded.
*/
extern int ArrayInsert(Array *, size_t, void *);
/**
* Set the value at the specified index in the specified array to the
* specified value. This function will return the old value at that
* index, if any.
*/
extern void *ArraySet(Array *, size_t, void *);
/**
* Append the specified element to the end of the specified array. This
* function uses
* .Fn ArrayInsert
* under the hood to insert an element at the end. It thus has the same
* return value as
* .Fn ArrayInsert .
*/
extern int ArrayAdd(Array *, void *);
/**
* Remove the element at the specified index from the specified array.
* This function returns the element removed, if any.
*/
extern void *ArrayDelete(Array *, size_t);
/**
* Sort the specified array using the specified sort function. The
* sort function compares two elements. It takes two void pointers as
* parameters, and returns an integer. The return value indicates to
* the sorting algorithm how the elements relate to each other. A
* return value of 0 indicates that the elements are identical. A
* return value greater than 0 indicates that the first item is
* ``bigger'' than the second item and should thus appear after it in
* the array. A return value less than 0 indicates the opposite: the
* second element should appear after the first in the array.
*/
extern void ArraySort(Array *, int (*) (void *, void *));
/**
* Remove all duplicates from an array by using the given comparison
* function to sort the array, then remove matching values. This
* function returns a new array with all duplicates removed. The
* original array is unaffected. Note that arrays only store pointers
* to values, usually values on the heap. Thus, it is possible to lose
* pointers to duplicate values and have them leak.
* .P
* This is a relatively expensive operation. The array must first be
* duplicated. Then it is sorted, then it is iterated from beginning
* to end to remove duplicate entires. Note that the comparison
* function is executed on each element at least twice.
*/
extern Array *ArrayUnique(Array *, int (*) (void *, void *));
/**
* Reverses the order of all elements in the array into a new array on
* the heap, to be freed using
* .Fn ArrayFree .
*/
extern Array *ArrayReverse(Array *);
/**
* If possible, reduce the amount of memory allocated to this array
* by calling
* .Fn Realloc
* on the internal structure to perfectly fit the elements in the
* array. This function is intended to be used by functions that return
* relatively read-only arrays that will be long-lived.
*/
extern int ArrayTrim(Array *);
/**
* Convert a variadic arguments list into an Array. In most cases, the
* Array API is much easier to work with than
* .Fn va_arg
* and friends.
*/
extern Array *ArrayFromVarArgs(size_t, va_list);
/**
* Duplicate an existing array. Note that arrays only hold pointers to
* their data, not the data itself, so the duplicated array will point
* to the same places in memory as the original array.
*/
extern Array *ArrayDuplicate(Array *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_ARRAY_H */

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src/include/Base64.h
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_BASE64_H
#define CYTOPLASM_BASE64_H
/***
* @Nm Base64
* @Nd A simple base64 encoder/decoder with unpadded base64 support.
* @Dd September 30 2022
* @Xr Sha2
*
* This is an efficient yet simple base64 encoding and decoding API
* that supports regular base64, as well as the Matrix specification's
* extension to base64, called ``unpadded base64.'' This API provides
* the ability to convert between the two, instead of just implementing
* unpadded base64.
*/
#include <stddef.h>
/**
* This function computes the amount of bytes needed to store a message
* of the specified number of bytes as base64.
*/
extern size_t
Base64EncodedSize(size_t);
/**
* This function computes the amount of bytes needed to store a decoded
* representation of the encoded message. It takes a pointer to the
* encoded string because it must read a few bytes off the end in order
* to accurately compute the size.
*/
extern size_t
Base64DecodedSize(const char *, size_t);
/**
* Encode the specified number of bytes from the specified buffer as
* base64. This function returns a string on the heap that should be
* freed with
* .Fn Free ,
* or NULL if a memory allocation error ocurred.
*/
extern char *
Base64Encode(const char *, size_t);
/**
* Decode the specified number of bytes from the specified buffer of
* base64. This function returns a string on the heap that should be
* freed with
* .Fn Free ,
* or NULL if a memory allocation error occured.
*/
extern char *
Base64Decode(const char *, size_t);
/**
* Remove the padding from a specified base64 string. This function
* modifies the specified string in place. It thus has no return value
* because it cannot fail. If the passed pointer is invalid, the
* behavior is undefined.
*/
extern void
Base64Unpad(char *, size_t);
/**
* Add padding to an unpadded base64 string. This function takes a
* pointer to a pointer because it may be necessary to grow the memory
* allocated to the string. This function returns a boolean value
* indicating whether the pad operation was successful. In practice,
* this means it will only fail if a bigger string is necessary, but it
* could not be automatically allocated on the heap.
*/
extern int
Base64Pad(char **, size_t);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_BASE64_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_CRON_H
#define CYTOPLASM_CRON_H
/***
* @Nm Cron
* @Nd Basic periodic job scheduler.
* @Dd December 24 2022
*
* This is an extremely basic job scheduler. So basic, in fact, that
* it currently runs all jobs on a single thread, which means that it
* is intended for short-lived jobs. In the future, it might be
* extended to support a one-thread-per-job model, but for now, jobs
* should take into consideration the fact that they are sharing their
* thread, so they should not be long-running.
* .Pp
* .Nm
* works by ``ticking'' at an interval defined by the caller of
* .Fn CronCreate .
* At each tick, all the registered jobs are queried, and if they are
* due to run again, their function is executed. As much as possible,
* .Nm
* tries to tick at constant intervals, however it is possible that one
* or more jobs may overrun the tick duration. If this happens,
* .Nm
* ticks again immediately after all the jobs for the previous tick
* have completed. This is in an effort to compensate for lost time,
* however it is important to note that when jobs overrun the tick
* interval, the interval is pushed back by the amount that it was
* overrun. Because of this,
* .Nm
* is best suited for scheduling jobs that should happen
* ``aproximately'' every so often; it is not a real-time scheduler
* by any means.
*/
#include <Int.h>
/**
* All functions defined here operate on a structure opaque to the
* caller.
*/
typedef struct Cron Cron;
/**
* A job function is a function that takes a void pointer and returns
* nothing. The pointer is passed when the job is scheduled, and
* is expected to remain valid until the job is no longer registered.
* The pointer is passed each time the job executes.
*/
typedef void (JobFunc) (void *);
/**
* Create a new
* .Nm
* object that all other functions operate on. Like most of the other
* APIs in this project, it must be freed with
* .Fn CronFree
* when it is no longer needed.
* .Pp
* This function takes the tick interval in milliseconds.
*/
extern Cron * CronCreate(UInt32);
/**
* Schedule a one-off job to be executed only at the next tick, and
* then immediately discarded. This is useful for scheduling tasks that
* only have to happen once, or very infrequently depending on
* conditions other than the current time, but don't have to happen
* immediately. The caller simply indicates that it wishes for the task
* to execute at some time in the future. How far into the future this
* practically ends up being is determined by how long it takes for
* other registered jobs to finish, and what the tick interval is.
* .Pp
* This function takes a job function and a pointer to pass to that
* function when it is executed.
*/
extern void
CronOnce(Cron *, JobFunc *, void *);
/**
* Schedule a repetitive task to be executed at aproximately the given
* interval. As stated above, this is as fuzzy interval; depending on
* the jobs being run and the tick interval, tasks may not execute at
* exactly the scheduled time, but they will eventually execute.
* .Pp
* This function takes an interval in milliseconds, a job function,
* and a pointer to pass to that function when it is executed.
*/
extern void
CronEvery(Cron *, unsigned long, JobFunc *, void *);
/**
* Start ticking the clock and executing registered jobs.
*/
extern void
CronStart(Cron *);
/**
* Stop ticking the clock. Jobs that are already executing will
* continue to execute, but when they are finished, no new jobs will
* be executed until
* .Fn CronStart
* is called.
*/
extern void
CronStop(Cron *);
/**
* Discard all job references and free all memory associated with the
* given
* .Nm Cron
* instance.
*/
extern void
CronFree(Cron *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_CRON_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_DB_H
#define CYTOPLASM_DB_H
/***
* @Nm Db
* @Nd A minimal flat-file database with mutex locking and cache.
* @Dd April 27 2023
* @Xr Json
*
* Cytoplasm operates on a flat-file database instead of a
* traditional relational database. This greatly simplifies the
* persistent storage code, and creates a relatively basic API,
* described here.
*/
#include <stddef.h>
#include <HashMap.h>
#include <Array.h>
/**
* All functions in this API operate on a database structure that is
* opaque to the caller.
*/
typedef struct Db Db;
/**
* When an object is locked, a reference is returned. This reference
* is owned by the current thread, and the database is inaccessible to
* other threads until all references have been returned to the
* database.
* .Pp
* This reference is opaque, but can be manipulated by the functions
* defined here.
*/
typedef struct DbRef DbRef;
/**
* Open a data directory. This function takes a path to open, and a
* cache size in bytes. If the cache size is 0, then caching is
* disabled and objects are loaded off the disk every time they are
* locked. Otherwise, objects are stored in the cache, and they are
* evicted in a least-recently-used manner.
*/
extern Db * DbOpen(char *, size_t);
/**
* Close the database. This function will flush anything in the cache
* to the disk, and then close the data directory. It assumes that
* all references have been unlocked. If a reference has not been
* unlocked, undefined behavior results.
*/
extern void DbClose(Db *);
/**
* Set the maximum cache size allowed before
* .Nm
* starts evicting old objects. If this is set to 0, everything in the
* cache is immediately evicted and caching is disabled. If the
* database was opened with a cache size of 0, setting this will
* initialize the cache, and subsequent calls to
* .Fn DbLock
* will begin caching objects.
*/
extern void DbMaxCacheSet(Db *, size_t);
/**
* Create a new object in the database with the specified name. This
* function will fail if the object already exists in the database. It
* takes a variable number of C strings, with the exact number being
* specified by the second parameter. These C strings are used to
* generate a filesystem path at which to store the object. These paths
* ensure each object is uniquely identifiable, and provides semantic
* meaning to an object.
*/
extern DbRef * DbCreate(Db *, size_t,...);
/**
* Lock an existing object in the database. This function will fail
* if the object does not exist. It takes a variable number of C
* strings, with the exact number being specified by the second
* parameter. These C strings are used to generate the filesystem path
* at which to load the object. These paths ensure each object is
* uniquely identifiable, and provides semantic meaning to an object.
*/
extern DbRef * DbLock(Db *, size_t,...);
/**
* Immediately and permanently remove an object from the database.
* This function assumes the object is not locked, otherwise undefined
* behavior will result.
*/
extern int DbDelete(Db *, size_t,...);
/**
* Unlock an object and return it back to the database. This function
* immediately syncs the object to the filesystem. The cache is a
* read cache; writes are always immediate to ensure data integrity in
* the event of a system failure.
*/
extern int DbUnlock(Db *, DbRef *);
/**
* Check the existence of the given database object in a more efficient
* manner than attempting to lock it with
* .Fn DbLock .
* This function does not lock the object, nor does it load it into
* memory if it exists.
*/
extern int DbExists(Db *, size_t,...);
/**
* List all of the objects at a given path. Unlike the other varargs
* functions, this one does not take a path to a specific object; it
* takes a directory to be iterated, where each path part is its own
* C string. Note that the resulting list only contains the objects
* in the specified directory, it does not list any subdirectories.
* .Pp
* The array returned is an array of C strings containing the object
* name.
*/
extern Array * DbList(Db *, size_t,...);
/**
* Free the list returned by
* .Fn DbListFree .
*/
extern void DbListFree(Array *);
/**
* Convert a database reference into JSON that can be manipulated.
* At this time, the database actually stores objects as JSON on the
* disk, so this function just returns an internal pointer, but in the
* future it may have to be generated by decompressing a binary blob,
* or something of that nature.
*/
extern HashMap * DbJson(DbRef *);
/**
* Free the existing JSON associated with the given reference, and
* replace it with new JSON. This is more efficient than duplicating
* a separate object into the database reference.
*/
extern int DbJsonSet(DbRef *, HashMap *);
#endif

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_GRAPH_H
#define CYTOPLASM_GRAPH_H
/***
* @Nm Graph
* @Nd Extremely simple graph, implemented as an adjacency matrix.
* @Dd July 15 2023
*
* .Nm
* is a basic graph data structure originally written for a computer
* science class on data structures and algorithms, in which it
* received full credit. This is an adaptation of the original
* implementation that follows the Cytoplasm style and uses Cytoplasm
* APIs when convenient.
* .P
* .Nm
* stores data in an adjacency matrix, which means the storage
* complexity is O(N^2), where N is the number of vertices (called
* Nodes in this implementation) in the graph. However, this makes the
* algorithms fast and efficient.
* .P
* Nodes are identified by index, so the first node is 0, the second
* is 1, and so on. This data structure does not support storing
* arbitrary data as nodes; rather, the intended use case is to add
* all your node data to an Array, thus giving each node an index,
* and then manipulating the graph with that index. This allows access
* to node data in O(1) time in call cases, and is the most memory
* efficient.
* .P
* .Nm
* can be used to store a variety of types of graphs, although it is
* primarily suited to directed and weighted graphs.
*/
#include <stddef.h>
/**
* The functions provided here operate on an opaque graph structure.
* This structure really just stores a matrix in a contiguous block of
* memory, as well as the number of nodes in the graph, but the
* structure is kept opaque so that it remains internally consistent.
* It also maintains the style of the Cytoplasm library.
*/
typedef struct Graph Graph;
/**
* An Edge is really just a weight, which is easily represented by an
* integer. However, it makes sense to alias this to Edge for clarity,
* both in the documentation and in the implementation.
*/
typedef int Edge;
/**
* A Node is really just a row or column in the matrix, which is easily
* represented by an unsigned integer. However, it makes sense to alias
* this to Node for clarity, both in the documentation and the
* implementation.
*/
typedef size_t Node;
/**
* Create a new graph structure with the given number of vertices.
*/
extern Graph *GraphCreate(size_t);
/**
* Create a new graph data structure with the given number of vertices
* and the given adjacency matrix. The adjacency matrix is copied
* verbatim into the graph data structure without any validation.
*/
extern Graph *GraphCreateWithEdges(size_t, Edge *);
/**
* Free all memory associated with the given graph. Since graphs are
* just a collection of numbers, they do not depend on each other in
* any way.
*/
extern void GraphFree(Graph *);
/**
* Get the weight of the edge connecting the node specified first to
* the node specified second. If this is a directed graph, it does not
* necessarily follow that there is an edge from the node specified
* second to the node specified first. It also does not follow that
* such an edge, if it exists, has the same weight.
* .P
* This function will return -1 if the graph is invalid or either node
* is out of bounds. It will return 0 if there is no such edge from the
* node specified first to the node specified second.
*/
extern Edge GraphEdgeGet(Graph *, Node, Node);
/**
* Set the weight of the edge connecting the node specified first to
* the node specified second. If this is not a directed graph, this
* function will have to be called twice, the second time reversing the
* order of the nodes. To remove the edge, specify a weight of 0.
*/
extern Edge GraphEdgeSet(Graph *, Node, Node, Edge);
/**
* Get the number of nodes in the given graph. This operation is a
* simple memory access that happens in O(1) time.
*/
extern size_t GraphCountNodes(Graph *);
/**
* Perform a breadth-first search on the given graph, starting at the
* specified node. This function returns a list of nodes in the order
* they were touched. The size of the list is stored in the unsigned
* integer pointed to by the last argument.
* .P
* If an error occurs, NULL will be returned. Otherwise, the returned
* pointer should be freed with the Memory API when it is no longer
* needed.
*/
extern Node * GraphBreadthFirstSearch(Graph *, Node, size_t *);
/**
* Perform a depth-first search on the given graph, starting at the
* specified node. This function returns a list of nodes in the order
* they were touched. The size of the list is stored in the unsigned
* integer pointed to by the last argument.
* .P
* If an error occurs, NULL will be returned. Otherwise the returned
* pointer should be freed with the Memory API when it is no longer
* needed.
*/
extern Node *GraphDepthFirstSearch(Graph *, Node, size_t *);
/**
* Perform a topological sort on the given graph. This function returns
* a list of nodes in topological ordering, though note that this is
* probably not the only topological ordering that exists for the
* graph. The size of the list is stored in the unsigned integer
* pointed to by the last argument. It should always be the number of
* nodes in the graph, but is provided for consistency and convenience.
* .P
* If an error occurs, NULL will be returned. Otherwise the returned
* pointer should be freed with the Memory API when it is no longer
* needed.
*/
extern Node *GraphTopologicalSort(Graph *, size_t *);
/**
* Transpose the given graph, returning a brand new graph that is the
* result of the transposition.
*/
extern Graph * GraphTranspose(Graph *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_GRAPH_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_HASHMAP_H
#define CYTOPLASM_HASHMAP_H
/***
* @Nm HashMap
* @Nd A simple hash map implementation.
* @Dd October 11 2022
* @Xr Array Queue
*
* This is the public interface for Cytoplasm's hash map
* implementation. This hash map is designed to be simple,
* well-documented, and generally readable and understandable, yet also
* performant enough to be useful, because it is used extensively
* throughout the project.
* .Pp
* Fundamentally, this is an entirely generic map implementation. It
* can be used for many general purposes, but it is designed only to
* implement the features Cytoplasm needs to be functional. One
* example of a Cytoplasm-specific feature is that keys cannot be
* arbitrary data; they are NULL-terminated C strings.
*/
#include <stddef.h>
#include <Array.h>
/**
* These functions operate on an opaque structure, which the caller
* has no knowledge about.
*/
typedef struct HashMap HashMap;
/**
* Create a new hash map that is ready to be used with the rest of the
* functions defined here.
*/
extern HashMap * HashMapCreate(void);
/**
* Free the specified hash map such that it becomes invalid and any
* future use results in undefined behavior. Note that this function
* does not free the values stored in the hash map, but since it stores
* the keys internally, it will free the keys. You should use
* .Fn HashMapIterate
* to free the values stored in this map appropriately before calling
* this function.
*/
extern void HashMapFree(HashMap *);
/**
* Control the maximum load of the hash map before it is expanded.
* When the hash map reaches the given capacity, it is grown. You
* don't want to only grow hash maps when they are full, because that
* makes them perform very poorly. The maximum load value is a
* percentage of how full the hash map is, and it should be between
* 0 and 1, where 0 means that no elements will cause the map to be
* expanded, and 1 means that the hash map must be completely full
* before it is expanded. The default maximum load on a new hash map
* is 0.75, which should be good enough for most purposes, however,
* this function exists specifically so that the maximum load can be
* fine-tuned.
*/
extern void HashMapMaxLoadSet(HashMap *, float);
/**
* Use a custom hashing function with the given hash map. New hash
* maps have a sane hashing function that should work okay for most
* use cases, but if you have a better hashing function, it can be
* specified this way. Do not change the hash function after keys have
* been added; doing so results in undefined behavior. Only set a new
* hash function immediately after constructing a new hash map, before
* anything has been added to it.
* .Pp
* The hash function takes a pointer to a C string, and is expected
* to return a fairly unique numerical hash value which will be
* converted into an array index.
*/
extern void
HashMapFunctionSet(HashMap *, unsigned long (*) (const char *));
/**
* Set the given string key to the given value. Note that the key is
* copied into the hash map's own memory space, but the value is not.
* It is the caller's job to ensure that the value pointer remains
* valid for the life of the hash map, and are freed when no longer
* needed.
*/
extern void * HashMapSet(HashMap *, char *, void *);
/**
* Retrieve the value for the given key, or return NULL if no such
* key exists in the hash map.
*/
extern void * HashMapGet(HashMap *, const char *);
/**
* Remove a value specified by the given key from the hash map, and
* return it to the caller to deal with. This function returns NULL
* if no such key exists.
*/
extern void * HashMapDelete(HashMap *, const char *);
/**
* Iterate over all the keys and values of a hash map. This function
* works very similarly to
* .Xr getopt 3 ,
* where calls are repeatedly made in a while loop until there are no
* more items to go over. The difference is that this function does not
* rely on globals; it takes pointer pointers, and stores all
* necessary state inside the hash map itself.
* .Pp
* Note that this function is not thread-safe; two threads cannot be
* iterating over any given hash map at the same time, though they
* can each be iterating over different hash maps.
* .Pp
* This function can be tricky to use in some scenarios, as it
* continues where it left off on each call, until there are no more
* elements to go through in the hash map. If you are not iterating
* over the entire map in one go, and happen to break the loop, then
* the next time you attempt to iterate the hash map, you'll start
* somewhere in the middle, which is most likely not the intended
* behavior. Thus, it is always recommended to iterate over the entire
* hash map if you're going to use this function.
* .Pp
* Also note that the behavior of this function is undefined if
* insertions or deletions occur during the iteration. This
* functionality has not been tested, and will likely not work.
*/
extern int HashMapIterate(HashMap *, char **, void **);
/**
* A reentrant version of
* .Fn HashMapIterate
* that allows the caller to overcome the flaws of that function by
* storing the cursor outside of the hash map structure itself. This
* allows multiple threads to iterate over the same hash map at the
* same time, and it allows the iteration to be halted midway through
* without causing any unintended side effects.
* .Pp
* The cursor should be initialized to 0 at the start of iteration.
*/
extern int
HashMapIterateReentrant(HashMap *, char **, void **, size_t *);
/**
* Collect the string keys of a hash map and return them as an array.
* The returned array holds pointers to the strings stored in the
* hash map, so the strings should NOT be freed; it is sufficient to
* free the array itself. Likewise, once the hash map is freed, the
* array elements are invalid and the array should be freed.
*/
extern Array * HashMapKeys(HashMap *);
/**
* Collect the values of a hash map and return them as an array. The
* returned array holds the same pointers to the values as the hash
* map.
*/
extern Array * HashMapValues(HashMap *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_HASHMAP_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_HEADERPARSER_H
#define CYTOPLASM_HEADERPARSER_H
/***
* @Nm HeaderParser
* @Nd Parse simple C header files.
* @Dd April 29 2023
*
* .Nm
* is an extremely simple parser that lacks most of the functionality
* one would expect from a C code parser. It simply maps a stream
* of tokens into a few categories, parsing major ``milestones'' in
* a header, without actually understanding any of the details.
* .Pp
* This exists because it is used to generate man pages from headers.
* See
* .Xr hdoc 1
* for example usage of this parser.
*/
#include <Stream.h>
#include <Array.h>
#define HEADER_EXPR_MAX 4096
/**
* Headers are parsed as expressions. These are the expressions that
* this parser recognizes.
*/
typedef enum HeaderExprType
{
HP_COMMENT,
HP_PREPROCESSOR_DIRECTIVE,
HP_TYPEDEF,
HP_DECLARATION,
HP_GLOBAL,
HP_UNKNOWN,
HP_SYNTAX_ERROR,
HP_PARSE_ERROR,
HP_EOF
} HeaderExprType;
/**
* A representation of a function declaration.
*/
typedef struct HeaderDeclaration
{
char returnType[64];
char name[32]; /* Enforced by ANSI C */
Array *args;
} HeaderDeclaration;
/**
* A global variable declaration. The type must be of the same size
* as the function declaration's return type due to the way parsing
* them is implemented.
*/
typedef struct HeaderGlobal
{
char type[64];
char name[HEADER_EXPR_MAX - 64];
} HeaderGlobal;
/**
* A representation of a single header expression. Note that that state
* structure is entirely internally managed, so it should not be
* accessed or manipulated by functions outside the functions defined
* here.
* .Pp
* The type field should be used to determine which field in the data
* union is valid.
*/
typedef struct HeaderExpr
{
HeaderExprType type;
union
{
char text[HEADER_EXPR_MAX];
HeaderDeclaration declaration;
HeaderGlobal global;
struct
{
int lineNo;
char *msg;
} error;
} data;
struct
{
Stream *stream;
int lineNo;
} state;
} HeaderExpr;
/**
* Parse the next expression into the given header expression structure.
* To parse an entire C header, this function should be called in a
* loop until the type of the expression is HP_EOF.
*/
extern void HeaderParse(Stream *, HeaderExpr *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_HEADERPARSER_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_HTTP_H
#define CYTOPLASM_HTTP_H
/***
* @Nm Http
* @Nd Encode and decode various parts of the HTTP protocol.
* @Dd March 12 2023
* @Xr HttpClient HttpServer HashMap Queue Memory
*
* .Nm
* is a collection of utility functions and type definitions that are
* useful for dealing with HTTP. HTTP is not a complex protocol, but
* this API makes it a lot easier to work with.
* .Pp
* Note that this API doesn't target any particular HTTP version, but
* it is currently used with HTTP 1.0 clients and servers, and
* therefore may be lacking functionality added in later HTTP versions.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <HashMap.h>
#include <Stream.h>
#define HTTP_FLAG_NONE 0
#define HTTP_FLAG_TLS (1 << 0)
/**
* The request methods defined by the HTTP standard. These numeric
* constants should be preferred to strings when building HTTP APIs
* because they are more efficient.
*/
typedef enum HttpRequestMethod
{
HTTP_METHOD_UNKNOWN,
HTTP_GET,
HTTP_HEAD,
HTTP_POST,
HTTP_PUT,
HTTP_DELETE,
HTTP_CONNECT,
HTTP_OPTIONS,
HTTP_TRACE,
HTTP_PATCH
} HttpRequestMethod;
/**
* An enumeration that corresponds to the actual integer values of the
* valid HTTP response codes.
*/
typedef enum HttpStatus
{
HTTP_STATUS_UNKNOWN = 0,
/* Informational responses */
HTTP_CONTINUE = 100,
HTTP_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101,
HTTP_EARLY_HINTS = 103,
/* Successful responses */
HTTP_OK = 200,
HTTP_CREATED = 201,
HTTP_ACCEPTED = 202,
HTTP_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203,
HTTP_NO_CONTENT = 204,
HTTP_RESET_CONTENT = 205,
HTTP_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206,
/* Redirection messages */
HTTP_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300,
HTTP_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301,
HTTP_FOUND = 302,
HTTP_SEE_OTHER = 303,
HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED = 304,
HTTP_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307,
HTTP_PERMANENT_REDIRECT = 308,
/* Client error messages */
HTTP_BAD_REQUEST = 400,
HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED = 401,
HTTP_FORBIDDEN = 403,
HTTP_NOT_FOUND = 404,
HTTP_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405,
HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406,
HTTP_PROXY_AUTH_REQUIRED = 407,
HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408,
HTTP_CONFLICT = 409,
HTTP_GONE = 410,
HTTP_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411,
HTTP_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412,
HTTP_PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE = 413,
HTTP_URI_TOO_LONG = 414,
HTTP_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415,
HTTP_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416,
HTTP_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417,
HTTP_TEAPOT = 418,
HTTP_UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426,
HTTP_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428,
HTTP_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429,
HTTP_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431,
HTTP_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS = 451,
/* Server error responses */
HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500,
HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501,
HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY = 502,
HTTP_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503,
HTTP_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504,
HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505,
HTTP_VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES = 506,
HTTP_NOT_EXTENDED = 510,
HTTP_NETWORK_AUTH_REQUIRED = 511
} HttpStatus;
/**
* Convert an HTTP status enumeration value into a string description
* of the status, which is to be used in server response to a client,
* or a client response to a user. For example, calling
* .Fn HttpStatusToString "HTTP_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT"
* (or
* .Fn HttpStatusToString "504" )
* produces the string "Gateway Timeout". Note that the returned
* pointers point to static space, so their manipulation is forbidden.
*/
extern const char * HttpStatusToString(const HttpStatus);
/**
* Convert a string into a numeric code that can be used throughout
* the code of a program in an efficient manner. See the definition
* of HttpRequestMethod. This function does case-sensitive matching,
* and does not trim or otherwise process the input string.
*/
extern HttpRequestMethod HttpRequestMethodFromString(const char *);
/**
* Convert a numeric code as defined by HttpRequestMethod into a
* string that can be sent to a server. Note that the returned pointers
* point to static space, so their manipulation is forbidden.
*/
extern const char * HttpRequestMethodToString(const HttpRequestMethod);
/**
* Encode a C string such that it can safely appear in a URL by
* performing the necessary percent escaping. A new string on the
* heap is returned. It should be freed with
* .Fn Free ,
* defined in the
* .Xr Memory 3
* API.
*/
extern char * HttpUrlEncode(char *);
/**
* Decode a percent-encoded string into a C string, ignoring encoded
* null characters entirely, because those would do nothing but cause
* problems.
*/
extern char * HttpUrlDecode(char *);
/**
* Decode an encoded parameter string in the form of
* ``key=val&key2=val2'' into a hash map whose values are C strings.
* This function properly decodes keys and values using the functions
* defined above.
*/
extern HashMap * HttpParamDecode(char *);
/**
* Encode a hash map whose values are strings as an HTTP parameter
* string suitable for GET or POST requests.
*/
extern char * HttpParamEncode(HashMap *);
/**
* Read HTTP headers from a stream and return a hash map whose values
* are strings. All keys are lowercased to make querying them
* consistent and not dependent on the case that was read from the
* stream. This is useful for both client and server code, since the
* headers are in the same format. This function should be used after
* parsing the HTTP status line, because it does not parse that line.
* It will stop when it encounters the first blank line, which
* indicates that the body is beginning. After this function completes,
* the body may be immediately read from the stream without any
* additional processing.
*/
extern HashMap * HttpParseHeaders(Stream *);
#endif

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_HTTPCLIENT_H
#define CYTOPLASM_HTTPCLIENT_H
/***
* @Nm HttpClient
* @Nd Extremely simple HTTP client.
* @Dd April 29 2023
* @Xr Http HttpServer Tls
*
* .Nm
* HttpClient
* builds on the HTTP API to provide a simple yet functional HTTP
* client. It aims at being easy to use and minimal, yet also
* efficient.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <HashMap.h>
#include <Http.h>
/**
* A server response is represented by a client context. It is
* opaque, so the functions defined in this API should be used to
* fetch data from and manipulate it.
*/
typedef struct HttpClientContext HttpClientContext;
/**
* Make an HTTP request. This function takes the request method,
* any flags defined in the HTTP API, the port, hostname, and path,
* all in that order. It returns NULL if there was an error making
* the request. Otherwise it returns a client context. Note that this
* function does not actually send any data, it simply makes the
* connection. Use
* .Fn HttpRequestHeader
* to add headers to the request. Then, send headers with
* .Fn HttpRequestSendHeaders .
* Finally, the request body, if any, can be written to the output
* stream, and then the request can be fully sent using
* .Fn HttpRequestSend .
*/
extern HttpClientContext *
HttpRequest(HttpRequestMethod, int, unsigned short, char *, char *);
/**
* Set a request header to send to the server when making the
* request.
*/
extern void HttpRequestHeader(HttpClientContext *, char *, char *);
/**
* Send the request headers to the server. This must be called before
* the request body can be written or a response body can be read.
*/
extern void HttpRequestSendHeaders(HttpClientContext *);
/**
* Flush the request stream to the server. This function should be
* called before the response body is read.
*/
extern HttpStatus HttpRequestSend(HttpClientContext *);
/**
* Get the headers returned by the server.
*/
extern HashMap * HttpResponseHeaders(HttpClientContext *);
/**
* Get the stream used to write the request body and read the
* response body.
*/
extern Stream * HttpClientStream(HttpClientContext *);
/**
* Free all memory associated with the client context. This closes the
* connection, if it was still open.
*/
extern void HttpClientContextFree(HttpClientContext *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_HTTPCLIENT_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_HTTPROUTER_H
#define CYTOPLASM_HTTPROUTER_H
/***
* @Nm HttpRouter
* @Nd Simple HTTP request router with regular expression support.
* @Dd April 29 2023
* @Xr HttpServer Http
*
* .Nm
* provides a simple mechanism for assigning functions to an HTTP
* request path. It is a simple tree data structure that parses the
* registered request paths and maps functions onto each part of the
* path. Then, requests can be easily routed to their appropriate
* handler functions.
*/
#include <Array.h>
/**
* The router structure is opaque and thus managed entirely by the
* functions defined in this API.
*/
typedef struct HttpRouter HttpRouter;
/**
* A function written to handle an HTTP request takes an array
* consisting of the matched path parts in the order they appear in
* the path, and a pointer to caller-provided arguments, if any.
* It returns a pointer that the caller is assumed to know how to
* handle.
*/
typedef void *(HttpRouteFunc) (Array *, void *);
/**
* Create a new empty routing tree.
*/
extern HttpRouter * HttpRouterCreate(void);
/**
* Free all the memory associated with the given routing tree.
*/
extern void HttpRouterFree(HttpRouter *);
/**
* Register the specified route function to be executed upon requests
* for the specified HTTP path. The path is parsed by splitting at
* each path separator. Each part of the path is a regular expression
* that matches the entire path part. A regular expression cannot
* match more than one path part. This allows for paths like
* .Pa /some/path/(.*)/parts
* to work as one would expect.
*/
extern int HttpRouterAdd(HttpRouter *, char *, HttpRouteFunc *);
/**
* Route the specified request path using the specified routing
* tree. This function will parse the path and match it to the
* appropriate route handler function. The return value is a boolean
* value that indicates whether or not an appropriate route function
* was found. If an appropriate function was found, then the void
* pointer is passed to it as arguments that it is expected to know
* how to handle, and the pointer to a void pointer is where the
* route function's response will be placed.
*/
extern int HttpRouterRoute(HttpRouter *, char *, void *, void **);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_HTTPROUTER_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_HTTPSERVER_H
#define CYTOPLASM_HTTPSERVER_H
/***
* @Nm HttpServer
* @Nd Extremely simple HTTP server.
* @Dd December 13 2022
* @Xr Http HttpClient
*
* .Nm
* builds on the
* .Xr Http 3
* API, and provides a very simple, yet very functional API for
* creating an HTTP server. It aims at being easy to use and minimal,
* yet also efficient. It uses non-blocking I/O, is fully
* multi-threaded, and is very configurable. It can be set up in just
* two function calls and minimal supporting code.
* .Pp
* This API should be familar to those that have dealt with the HTTP
* server libraries of other programming languages, particularly Java.
* In fact, much of the terminology used in this API came from Java,
* and you'll notice that the way responses are sent and received very
* closely resembles Java.
*/
#include <Http.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <HashMap.h>
#include <Stream.h>
/**
* The functions on this API operate on an opaque structure.
*/
typedef struct HttpServer HttpServer;
/**
* Each request receives a context structure. It is opaque, so the
* functions defined in this API should be used to fetch data from
* it. These functions allow the handler to figure out the context of
* the request, which includes the path requested, any parameters,
* and the headers and method used to make the request. The context
* also provides the means by which the handler responds to the
* request, allowing it to set the status code, headers, and body.
*/
typedef struct HttpServerContext HttpServerContext;
/**
* The request handler function is executed when an HTTP request is
* received. It takes a request context, and a pointer as specified
* in the server configuration.
*/
typedef void (HttpHandler) (HttpServerContext *, void *);
/**
* The number of arguments to
* .Fn HttpServerCreate
* has grown so large that arguments are now stuffed into a
* configuration structure, which is in turn passed to
* .Fn HttpServerCreate .
* This configuration is copied by value into the internal
* structures of the server. It is copied with very minimal
* validation, so ensure that all values are sensible. It may
* make sense to use
* .Fn memset
* to zero out everything in here before assigning values.
*/
typedef struct HttpServerConfig
{
unsigned short port;
unsigned int threads;
unsigned int maxConnections;
int flags; /* Http(3) flags */
char *tlsCert; /* File path */
char *tlsKey; /* File path */
HttpHandler *handler;
void *handlerArgs;
} HttpServerConfig;
/**
* Create a new HTTP server using the specified configuration.
* This will set up all internal structures used by the server,
* and bind the socket and start listening for connections. However,
* it will not start accepting connections.
*/
extern HttpServer * HttpServerCreate(HttpServerConfig *);
/**
* Retrieve the configuration that was used to instantiate the given
* server. Note that this configuration is not necessarily the exact
* one that was provided; even though its values are the same, it
* should be treated as an entirely separate configuration with no
* connection to the original.
*/
extern HttpServerConfig * HttpServerConfigGet(HttpServer *);
/**
* Free the resources associated with the given HTTP server. Note that
* the server can only be freed after it has been stopped. Calling this
* function while the server is still running results in undefined
* behavior.
*/
extern void HttpServerFree(HttpServer *);
/**
* Attempt to start the HTTP server, and return immediately with the
* status. This API is fully multi-threaded and asynchronous, so the
* caller can continue working while the HTTP server is running in a
* separate thread and managing a pool of threads to handle responses.
*/
extern int HttpServerStart(HttpServer *);
/**
* Typically, at some point after calling
* .Fn HttpServerStart ,
* the program will have no more work to do, so it will want to wait
* for the HTTP server to finish. This is accomplished via this
* function, which joins the HTTP worker thread to the calling thread,
* pausing the calling thread until the HTTP server has stopped.
*/
extern void HttpServerJoin(HttpServer *);
/**
* Stop the HTTP server. Only the execution of this function will
* cause the proper shutdown of the HTTP server. If the main program
* is joined to the HTTP thread, then either another thread or a
* signal handler will have to stop the server using this function.
* The typical use case is to install a signal handler that executes
* this function on a global HTTP server.
*/
extern void HttpServerStop(HttpServer *);
/**
* Get the request headers for the request represented by the given
* context. The data in the returned hash map should be treated as
* read only and should not be freed; it is managed entirely by the
* server.
*/
extern HashMap * HttpRequestHeaders(HttpServerContext *);
/**
* Get the request method used to make the request represented by
* the given context.
*/
extern HttpRequestMethod HttpRequestMethodGet(HttpServerContext *);
/**
* Get the request path for the request represented by the given
* context. The return value of this function should be treated as
* read-only, and should not be freed; it is managed entirely by the
* server.
*/
extern char * HttpRequestPath(HttpServerContext *);
/**
* Retrieve the parsed GET parameters for the request represented by
* the given context. The returned hash map should be treated as
* read-only, and should not be freed; it is managed entirely by the
* server.
*/
extern HashMap * HttpRequestParams(HttpServerContext *);
/**
* Set a response header to return to the client. The old value for
* the given header is returned, if any, otherwise NULL is returned.
*/
extern char * HttpResponseHeader(HttpServerContext *, char *, char *);
/**
* Set the response status to return to the client.
*/
extern void HttpResponseStatus(HttpServerContext *, HttpStatus);
/**
* Get the current response status that will be sent to the client
* making the request represented by the given context.
*/
extern HttpStatus HttpResponseStatusGet(HttpServerContext *);
/**
* Send the response headers to the client that made the request
* represented by the specified context. This function must be called
* before the response body can be written, otherwise a malformed
* response will be sent.
*/
extern void HttpSendHeaders(HttpServerContext *);
/**
* Get a stream that is both readable and writable. Reading from the
* stream reads the request body that the client sent, if there is one.
* Note that the rquest headers have already been read, so the stream
* is correctly positioned at the beginning of the body of the request.
* .Fn HttpSendHeaders
* must be called before the stream is written, otherwise a malformed
* HTTP response will be sent. An HTTP handler should properly set all
* the headers it itends to send, send those headers, and then write
* the response body to this stream.
* .Pp
* Note that the stream does not need to be closed by the HTTP
* handler; in fact doing so results in undefined behavior. The stream
* is managed entirely by the server itself, so it will close it when
* necessary. This allows the underlying protocol to differ: for
* instance, an HTTP/1.1 connection may stay for multiple requests and
* responses.
*/
extern Stream * HttpServerStream(HttpServerContext *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_HTTPSERVER_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_INT_H
#define CYTOPLASM_INT_H
/***
* @Nm Int
* @Nd Fixed-width integer types.
* @Dd April 27 2023
*
* This header provides cross-platform, fixed-width integer types.
* Specifically, it uses preprocessor magic to define the following
* types:
* .Bl -bullet -offset indent
* .It
* Int8 and UInt8
* .It
* Int16 and UInt16
* .It
* Int32 and UInt32
* .El
* .Pp
* Note that there is no 64-bit integer type, because the ANSI C
* standard makes no guarantee that such a type will exist, even
* though it does on most platforms.
* .Pp
* The reason Cytoplasm provides its own header for this is
* because ANSI C does not define fixed-width types, and while it
* should be safe to rely on C99 fixed-width types in most cases,
* there may be cases where even that is not possible.
*
* @ignore-typedefs
*/
#include <limits.h>
#define BIT32_MAX 4294967295UL
#define BIT16_MAX 65535UL
#define BIT8_MAX 255UL
#ifndef UCHAR_MAX
#error Size of char data type is unknown. Define UCHAR_MAX.
#endif
#ifndef USHRT_MAX
#error Size of short data type is unknown. Define USHRT_MAX.
#endif
#ifndef UINT_MAX
#error Size of int data type is unknown. Define UINT_MAX.
#endif
#ifndef ULONG_MAX
#error Size of long data type is unknown. Define ULONG_MAX.
#endif
#if UCHAR_MAX == BIT8_MAX
typedef signed char Int8;
typedef unsigned char UInt8;
#else
#error Unable to determine suitable data type for 8-bit integers.
#endif
#if UINT_MAX == BIT16_MAX
typedef signed int Int16;
typedef unsigned int UInt16;
#elif USHRT_MAX == BIT16_MAX
typedef signed short Int16;
typedef unsigned short UInt16;
#elif UCHAR_MAX == BIT16_MAX
typedef signed char Int16;
typedef unsigned char UInt16;
#else
#error Unable to determine suitable data type for 16-bit integers.
#endif
#if ULONG_MAX == BIT32_MAX
typedef signed long Int32;
typedef unsigned long UInt32;
#elif UINT_MAX == BIT32_MAX
typedef signed int Int32;
typedef unsigned int UInt32;
#elif USHRT_MAX == BIT32_MAX
typedef signed short Int32;
typedef unsigned short UInt32;
#elif UCHAR_MAX == BIT32_MAX
typedef signed char Int32;
typedef unsigned char UInt32;
#else
#error Unable to determine suitable data type for 32-bit integers.
#endif
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_INT_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_INT64_H
#define CYTOPLASM_INT64_H
/***
* @Nm Int64
* @Nd Fixed-width 64 bit integers.
* @Dd August 11, 2023
*
* .Pp
* ANSI C89 (or C99 for that matter) provides no required mechanism
* for 64 bit integers. Nevertheless, many compilers provide them as
* extensions. However, since it is not a gaurantee, and to be fully
* standards-compliant and thus portable, a platform-agnostic interface
* is required. This header provides such an interface. If the platform
* has a 64 bit integer type, that is used, and native operations are
* performed by C preprocessor macro expansion. Otherwise, a
* compatibility layer is provided, which implements 64-bit
* arithmetic on an array of 2 32-bit numbers which are provided by
* .Xr Int 3 .
* .Pp
* Note that 64-bit emulation is certainly not as performant as using
* native 64-bit operations, so whenever possible, the native
* operations should be preferred. However, since C provides no required
* 64 bit integer on 32-bit and less platforms, this API can be used as
* a "good enough" fallback mechanism.
* .Pp
* Also note that this implementation, both in the native and
* non-native forms, makes some assumptions:
* .Bl -bullet -width Ds
* .It
* When a cast from a larger integer to a smaller integer is performed,
* the upper bits are truncated, not the lower bits.
* .It
* Negative numbers are represented in memory and in registers in two's
* compliment form.
* .El
* .Pp
* This API may provide unexpected output if these assumptions are
* false for a given platform.
*
* @ignore-typedefs
*/
#include <Int.h>
#include <UInt64.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#ifndef INT64_FORCE_EMULATED
#define BIT64_MAX 18446744073709551615UL
#if UINT_MAX == BIT64_MAX
typedef signed int Int64;
#define INT64_NATIVE
#elif ULONG_MAX == BIT64_MAX
typedef signed long Int64;
#define INT64_NATIVE
#endif
#endif /* ifndef INT64_FORCE_EMULATED */
#ifdef INT64_NATIVE
#define Int64Create(high, low) ((Int64) (((UInt64) (high) << 32) | (low)))
#define Int64Neg(x) (-(x))
#define Int64Low(a) ((UInt32) (a))
#define Int64High(a) ((UInt32) ((a) >> 32))
#define Int64Add(a, b) ((a) + (b))
#define Int64Sub(a, b) ((a) - (b))
#define Int64Mul(a, b) ((a) * (b))
#define Int64Div(a, b) ((a) / (b))
#define Int64Rem(a, b) ((a) % (b))
#define Int64Sll(a, b) ((a) << (b))
#define Int64Sra(a, b) ((a) >> (b))
#define Int64And(a, b) ((a) & (b))
#define Int64Or(a, b) ((a) | (b))
#define Int64Xor(a, b) ((a) ^ (b))
#define Int64Not(a) (~(a))
#define Int64Eq(a, b) ((a) == (b))
#define Int64Lt(a, b) ((a) < (b))
#define Int64Gt(a, b) ((a) > (b))
#define Int64Neq(a, b) ((a) != (b))
#define Int64Leq(a, b) ((a) <= (b))
#define Int64Geq(a, b) ((a) >= (b))
#else
#define Int64Neg(x) (Int64Add(Int64Not(x), Int64Create(0, 1)))
/**
* The internal bit representation of a signed integer is identical
* to an unsigned integer, the difference is in the algorithms and
* the way the bits are interpreted.
*/
typedef UInt64 Int64;
/**
* Create a new signed 64 bit integer using the given high and low
* bits.
*/
extern Int64 Int64Create(UInt32, UInt32);
/**
* Add two signed 64 bit integers together.
*/
extern Int64 Int64Add(Int64, Int64);
/**
* Subtract the second 64 bit integer from the first.
*/
extern Int64 Int64Sub(Int64, Int64);
/**
* Multiply two 64 bit integers together. The non-native version of
* this function uses the Russian Peasant method of multiplication,
* which should afford more performance than a naive multiplication by
* addition, but it is still rather slow and depends on the size of
* the integers being multiplied.
*/
extern Int64 Int64Mul(Int64, Int64);
/**
* Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the
* quotient. The non-native version of this function uses naive binary
* long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant
* time.
*/
extern Int64 Int64Div(Int64, Int64);
/**
* Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the
* remainder. The non-native version of this function uses naive binary
* long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant
* time.
*/
extern Int64 Int64Rem(Int64, Int64);
/**
* Perform a left logical bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second
* parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular
* integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense.
*/
extern Int64 Int64Sll(Int64, int);
/**
* Perform a right arithmetic bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second
* parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular
* integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense.
* .Pp
* Note that on platforms that use the native 64-bit implementation,
* this is technically implementation-defined, and may in fact be a
* logical shift instead of an arithmetic shift. Note that typically
* this operation is not performed on signed integers.
*/
extern Int64 Int64Sra(Int64, int);
/**
* Perform a bitwise AND (&) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/
extern Int64 Int64And(Int64, Int64);
/**
* Perform a bitwise OR (|) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/
extern Int64 Int64Or(Int64, Int64);
/**
* Perform a bitwise XOR (^) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/
extern Int64 Int64Xor(Int64, Int64);
/**
* Perform a bitwise NOT (~) of the provided 64 bit integer.
*/
extern Int64 Int64Not(Int64);
/**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if they are equal.
*/
extern int Int64Eq(Int64, Int64);
/**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly
* less than the first.
*/
extern int Int64Lt(Int64, Int64);
/**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly
* greater than the first.
*/
extern int Int64Gt(Int64, Int64);
#define Int64Low(a) ((a).i[0])
#define Int64High(a) ((a).i[1])
#define Int64Neq(a, b) (!Int64Eq(a, b))
#define Int64Leq(a, b) (Int64Eq(a, b) || Int64Lt(a, b))
#define Int64Geq(a, b) (Int64Eq(a, b) || Int64Gt(a, b))
#endif
#define INT64_STRBUF 65 /* Base 2 representation with '\0' */
/**
* Convert a 64 bit integer to a string in an arbitrary base
* representation specified by the second parameter, using the provided
* buffer and length specified by the third and fourth parameters. To
* guarantee that the string will fit in the buffer, allocate it of
* size INT64_STRBUF or larger. Note that a buffer size smaller than
* INT64_STRBUF will invoke undefined behavior.
*/
extern size_t Int64Str(Int64, int, char *, size_t);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_INT64_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_IO_H
#define CYTOPLASM_IO_H
/***
* @Nm Io
* @Nd Source/sink-agnostic I/O for implementing custom streams.
* @Dd April 29 2023
* @Xr Stream Tls
*
* Many systems provide platform-specific means of implementing custom
* streams using file pointers. However, POSIX does not define a way
* of programmatically creating custom streams.
* .Nm
* therefore fills this gap in POSIX by mimicking all of the
* functionality of these platform-specific functions, but in pure
* POSIX C. It defines a number of callback funtions to be executed
* in place of the standard POSIX I/O functions, which are used to
* implement arbitrary streams that may not be to a file or socket.
* Additionally, streams can now be pipelined; the sink of one stream
* may be the source of another lower-level stream. Additionally, all
* streams, regardless of their source or sink, share the same API, so
* streams can be handled in a much more generic manner. This allows
* the HTTP client and server libraries to seemlessly support TLS and
* plain connections without having to handle each separately.
* .Pp
* .Nm
* was heavily inspired by GNU's
* .Fn fopencookie
* and BSD's
* .Fn funopen .
* It aims to combine the best of both of these functions into a single
* API that is intuitive and easy to use.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#ifndef IO_BUFFER
#define IO_BUFFER 4096
#endif
/**
* An opaque structure analogous to a POSIX file descriptor.
*/
typedef struct Io Io;
/**
* Read input from the source of a stream. This function should
* attempt to read the specified number of bytes of data from the
* given cookie into the given buffer. It should behave identically
* to the POSIX
* .Xr read 2
* system call, except instead of using an integer descriptor as the
* first parameter, a pointer to an implementation-defined cookie
* stores any information the function needs to read from the source.
*/
typedef ssize_t (IoReadFunc) (void *, void *, size_t);
/**
* Write output to a sink. This function should attempt to write the
* specified number of bytes of data from the given buffer into the
* stream described by the given cookie. It should behave identically
* to the POSIX
* .Xr write 2
* system call, except instead of using an integer descriptor as the
* first parameter, a pointer to an implementation-defined cookie
* stores any information the function needs to write to the sink.
*/
typedef ssize_t (IoWriteFunc) (void *, void *, size_t);
/**
* Repositions the offset of the stream described by the specified
* cookie. This function should behave identically to the POSIX
* .Xr lseek 2
* system call, except instead of using an integer descriptor as the
* first parameter, a pointer to an implementation-defined cookie
* stores any information the function needs to seek the stream.
*/
typedef off_t (IoSeekFunc) (void *, off_t, int);
/**
* Close the given stream, making future reads or writes result in
* undefined behavior. This function should also free all memory
* associated with the cookie. It should behave identically to the
* .Xr close 2
* system call, except instead of using an integer descriptor for the
* parameter, a pointer to an implementation-defined cookie stores any
* information the function needs to close the stream.
*/
typedef int (IoCloseFunc) (void *);
/**
* A simple mechanism for grouping together a set of stream functions,
* to be passed to
* .Fn IoCreate .
*/
typedef struct IoFunctions
{
IoReadFunc *read;
IoWriteFunc *write;
IoSeekFunc *seek;
IoCloseFunc *close;
} IoFunctions;
/**
* Create a new stream using the specified cookie and the specified
* I/O functions.
*/
extern Io * IoCreate(void *, IoFunctions);
/**
* Read the specified number of bytes from the specified stream into
* the specified buffer. This calls the stream's underlying IoReadFunc,
* which should behave identically to the POSIX
* .Xr read 2
* system call.
*/
extern ssize_t IoRead(Io *, void *, size_t);
/**
* Write the specified number of bytes from the specified stream into
* the specified buffer. This calls the stream's underlying
* IoWriteFunc, which should behave identically to the POSIX
* .Xr write 2
* system call.
*/
extern ssize_t IoWrite(Io *, void *, size_t);
/**
* Seek the specified stream using the specified offset and whence
* value. This calls the stream's underlying IoSeekFunc, which should
* behave identically to the POSIX
* .Xr lseek 2
* system call.
*/
extern off_t IoSeek(Io *, off_t, int);
/**
* Close the specified stream. This calls the stream's underlying
* IoCloseFunc, which should behave identically to the POSIX
* .Xr close 2
* system call.
*/
extern int IoClose(Io *);
/**
* Print a formatted string to the given stream. This is a
* re-implementation of the standard library function
* .Xr vfprintf 3 ,
* and behaves identically.
*/
extern int IoVprintf(Io *, const char *, va_list);
/**
* Print a formatted string to the given stream. This is a
* re-implementation of the standard library function
* .Xr fprintf 3 ,
* and behaves identically.
*/
extern int IoPrintf(Io *, const char *,...);
/**
* Read all the bytes from the first stream and write them to the
* second stream. Neither stream is closed upon the completion of this
* function. This can be used for quick and convenient buffered
* copying of data from one stream into another.
*/
extern ssize_t IoCopy(Io *, Io *);
/**
* Wrap a POSIX file descriptor to take advantage of this API. The
* common use case for this function is when a regular file descriptor
* needs to be accessed by an application that uses this API to also
* access non-POSIX streams.
*/
extern Io * IoFd(int);
/**
* Open or create a file for reading or writing. The specified file
* name is opened for reading or writing as specified by the given
* flags and mode. This function is a simple convenience wrapper around
* the POSIX
* .Xr open 2
* system call that passes the opened file descriptor into
* .Fn IoFd .
*/
extern Io * IoOpen(const char *, int, mode_t);
/**
* Wrap a standard C file pointer to take advantage of this API. The
* common use case for this function is when a regular C file pointer
* needs to be accessed by an application that uses this API to also
* access custom streams.
*/
extern Io * IoFile(FILE *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_IO_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_JSON_H
#define CYTOPLASM_JSON_H
/***
* @Nm Json
* @Nd A fully-featured JSON API.
* @Dd March 12 2023
* @Xr HashMap Array Stream
*
* .Nm
* is a fully-featured JSON API for C using the array and hash map
* APIs. It can parse JSON, ans serialize an in-memory structure to
* JSON. It build on the foundation of Array and HashMap because that's
* all JSON really is, just arrays and maps.
* .Nm
* also provides a structure for encapsulating an arbitrary value and
* identifying its type, making it easy for a strictly-typed language
* like C to work with loosely-typed JSON data.
* .Nm
* is very strict and tries to adhere as closely as possible to the
* proper definition of JSON. It will fail on syntax errors of any
* kind, which is fine for a Matrix homeserver that can just return
* M_BAD_JSON if anything in here fails, but this behavior may not be
* suitable for other purposes.
* .Pp
* This JSON implementation focuses primarily on serialization and
* deserialization to and from streams. It does not provide facilities
* for handling JSON strings; it only writes JSON to output streams,
* and reads them from input streams. Of course, you can use the
* POSIX
* .Xr fmemopen 3
* and
* .Xr open_memstream 3
* functions if you want to deal with JSON strings, but JSON is
* intended to be an exchange format. Data should be converted to JSON
* right when it is leaving the program, and converted from JSON to the
* in-memory format as soon as it is coming in.
* .Pp
* JSON objects are represented as hash maps consisting entirely of
* JsonValue structures, and arrays are represented as arrays
* consisting entirely of JsonValue structures. When generating a
* JSON object, any attempt to stuff a value into a hash map or array
* without first encoding it as a JsonValue will result in undefined
* behavior.
*/
#include <HashMap.h>
#include <Array.h>
#include <Stream.h>
#include <Int64.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#define JSON_DEFAULT -1
#define JSON_PRETTY 0
/**
* This opaque structure encapsulates all the possible types that can
* be stored in JSON. It is managed entirely by the functions defined
* in this API. It is important to note that strings, integers, floats,
* booleans, and the NULL value are all stored by value, but objects
* and arrays are stored by reference. That is, it doesn't store these
* itself, just pointers to them, however, the data
* .Em is
* freed when using
* .Fn JsonFree .
*/
typedef struct JsonValue JsonValue;
/**
* These are the types that can be used to identify a JsonValue
* and act on it accordingly.
*/
typedef enum JsonType
{
JSON_NULL, /* Maps to a C NULL */
JSON_OBJECT, /* Maps to a HashMap of JsonValues */
JSON_ARRAY, /* Maps to an Array of JsonValues */
JSON_STRING, /* Maps to a null-terminated C string */
JSON_INTEGER, /* Maps to an Int64 */
JSON_FLOAT, /* Maps to a C double */
JSON_BOOLEAN /* Maps to a C integer of either 0 or 1 */
} JsonType;
/**
* Determine the type of the specified JSON value.
*/
extern JsonType JsonValueType(JsonValue *);
/**
* Encode a JSON object as a JSON value that can be added to another
* object, or an array.
*/
extern JsonValue * JsonValueObject(HashMap *);
/**
* Unwrap a JSON value that represents an object. This function will
* return NULL if the value is not actually an object.
*/
extern HashMap * JsonValueAsObject(JsonValue *);
/**
* Encode a JSON array as a JSON value that can be added to an object
* or another array.
*/
extern JsonValue * JsonValueArray(Array *);
/**
* Unwrap a JSON value that represents an array. This function will
* return NULL if the value is not actually an array.
*/
extern Array * JsonValueAsArray(JsonValue *);
/**
* Encode a C string as a JSON value that can be added to an object or
* an array.
*/
extern JsonValue * JsonValueString(char *);
/**
* Unwrap a JSON value that represents a string. This function will
* return NULL if the value is not actually a string.
*/
extern char * JsonValueAsString(JsonValue *);
/**
* Encode a number as a JSON value that can be added to an object or
* an array.
*/
extern JsonValue * JsonValueInteger(Int64);
/**
* Unwrap a JSON value that represents a number. This function will
* return 0 if the value is not actually a number, which may be
* misleading. Check the type of the value before making assumptions
* about its value.
*/
extern Int64 JsonValueAsInteger(JsonValue *);
/**
* Encode a floating point number as a JSON value that can be added
* to an object or an array.
*/
extern JsonValue * JsonValueFloat(double);
/**
* Unwrap a JSON value that represents a floating point number. This
* function will return 0 if the value is not actually a floating
* point number, which may be misleading. Check the type of the value
* before making assumptions about its type.
*/
extern double JsonValueAsFloat(JsonValue *);
/**
* Encode a C integer according to the way C treats integers in boolean
* expressions as a JSON value that can be added to an object or an
* array.
*/
extern JsonValue * JsonValueBoolean(int);
/**
* Unwrap a JSON value that represents a boolean. This function will
* return 0 if the value is not actually a boolean, which may be
* misleading. Check the type of the value before making assumptions
* about its type.
*/
extern int JsonValueAsBoolean(JsonValue *);
/**
* This is a special case that represents a JSON null. Because the
* Array and HashMap APIs do not accept NULL values, this function
* should be used to represent NULL in JSON. Even though a small
* amount of memory is allocated just to be a placeholder for nothing,
* this keeps the APIs clean.
*/
extern JsonValue * JsonValueNull(void);
/**
* Free the memory being used by a JSON value. Note that this will
* recursively free all Arrays, HashMaps, and other JsonValues that are
* reachable from the given value, including any strings attached to
* this value.
*/
extern void JsonValueFree(JsonValue *);
/**
* Recursively duplicate the given JSON value. This returns a new
* JSON value that is completely identical to the specified value, but
* in no way connected to it.
*/
extern JsonValue * JsonValueDuplicate(JsonValue *);
/**
* Recursively duplicate the given JSON object. This returns a new
* JSON object that is completely identical to the specified object,
* but in no way connect to it.
*/
extern HashMap * JsonDuplicate(HashMap *);
/**
* Recursively free a JSON object by iterating over all of its values
* and freeing them using
* .Fn JsonValueFree .
*/
extern void JsonFree(HashMap *);
/**
* Encode the given string in such a way that it can be safely
* embedded in a JSON stream. This entails:
* .Bl -bullet -offset indent
* .It
* Escaping quotes, backslashes, and other special characters using
* their backslash escape.
* .It
* Encoding bytes that are not UTF-8 using escapes.
* .It
* Wrapping the entire string in double quotes.
* .El
* .Pp
* This function is only provided via the public
* .Nm
* API so that it is accessible to custom JSON encoders, such as the
* CanonicalJson encoder. This will typically be used for encoding
* object keys; to encode values, just use
* .Fn JsonEncodeValue .
* .Pp
* This function returns the number of bytes written to the stream,
* or if the stream is NULL, the number of bytes that would have
* been written.
*/
extern int JsonEncodeString(const char *, Stream *);
/**
* Serialize a JSON value as it would appear in JSON output. This is
* a recursive function that also encodes all child values reachable
* from the given value. This function is exposed via the public
* .Nm
* API so that it is accessible to custom JSON encoders. Normal users
* that are not writing custom encoders should in most cases just use
* .Fn JsonEncode
* to encode an entire object.
* .Pp
* The third parameter is an integer that represents the indent level
* of the value to be printed, or a negative number if pretty-printing
* should be disabled and JSON should be printed as minimized as
* possible. To pretty-print a JSON object, set this to
* .Va JSON_PRETTY .
* To get minified output, set it to
* .Va JSON_DEFAULT .
* .Pp
* This function returns the number of bytes written to the stream,
* or if the stream is NULL, the number of bytes that would have
* been written.
*/
extern int JsonEncodeValue(JsonValue *, Stream *, int);
/**
* Encode a JSON object as it would appear in JSON output, writing it
* to the given output stream. This function is recursive; it will
* serialize everything accessible from the passed object. The third
* parameter has the same behavior as described above.
* .Pp
* This function returns the number of bytes written to the stream,
* or if the stream is NULL, the number of bytes that would have
* been written.
*/
extern int JsonEncode(HashMap *, Stream *, int);
/**
* Decode a JSON object from the given input stream and parse it into
* a hash map of JSON values.
*/
extern HashMap * JsonDecode(Stream *);
/**
* A convenience function that allows the caller to retrieve and
* arbitrarily deep keys within a JSON object. It takes a root JSON
* object, the number of levels deep to go, and then that number of
* keys as a varargs list. All keys must have objects as values, with
* the exception of the last one, which is the value that will be
* returned. Otherwise, NULL indicates the specified path doas not
* exist.
*/
extern JsonValue * JsonGet(HashMap *, size_t,...);
/**
* A convenience function that allows the caller to set arbitrarily
* deep keys within a JSON object. It takes a root JSON object, the
* number of levels deep to go, and then that number of keys as a
* varargs list. All keys must have object as values, with the
* exception of the last one, which is the value that will be set.
* The value currently at that key, if any, will be returned.
* This function will create any intermediate objects as necessary to
* set the proper key.
*/
extern JsonValue * JsonSet(HashMap *, JsonValue *, size_t,...);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_JSON_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_LOG_H
#define CYTOPLASM_LOG_H
/***
* @Nm Log
* @Nd A simple logging framework for logging to multiple destinations.
* @Dd April 27 2023
* @Xr Stream
*
* .Nm
* is a simple C logging library that allows for colorful outputs,
* timestamps, and custom log levels. It also features the ability to
* have multiple logs open at one time, although Cytoplasm primarily
* utilizes the global log. All logs are thread safe.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#include <Stream.h>
#define LOG_FLAG_COLOR (1 << 0)
#define LOG_FLAG_SYSLOG (1 << 1)
/**
* A log is defined as a configuration that describes the properties
* of the log. This opaque structure can be manipulated by the
* functions defined in this API.
*/
typedef struct LogConfig LogConfig;
/**
* Create a new log configuration with sane defaults that can be used
* immediately with the logging functions.
*/
extern LogConfig * LogConfigCreate(void);
/**
* Get the global log configuration, creating a new one with
* .Fn LogConfigCreate
* if necessary.
*/
extern LogConfig * LogConfigGlobal(void);
/**
* Free the given log configuration. Note that this does not close the
* underlying stream associated with the log, if there is one. Also
* note that to avoid memory leaks, the global log configuration must
* also be freed, but it cannot be used after it is freed.
*/
extern void LogConfigFree(LogConfig *);
/**
* Set the current log level on the specified log configuration.
* This indicates that only messages at or above this level should be
* logged; all others are silently discarded. The passed log level
* should be one of the log levels defined by
* .Xr syslog 3 .
* Refer to that page for a complete list of acceptable log levels,
* and note that passing an invalid log level will result in undefined
* behavior.
*/
extern void LogConfigLevelSet(LogConfig *, int);
/**
* Cause the log output to be indented two more spaces than it was
* previously. This can be helpful when generating stack traces or
* other hierarchical output. This is a simple convenience wrapper
* around
* .Fn LogConfigIndentSet .
*/
extern void LogConfigIndent(LogConfig *);
/**
* Cause the log output to be indented two less spaces than it was
* previously. This is a simple convenience wrapper around
* .Fn LogConfigIndentSet .
*/
extern void LogConfigUnindent(LogConfig *);
/**
* Indent future log output using the specified config by some
* arbitrary amount.
*/
extern void LogConfigIndentSet(LogConfig *, size_t);
/**
* Set the file stream that logging output should be written to. This
* defaults to standard output, but it can be set to standard error,
* or any other arbitrary stream. Passing a NULL value for the stream
* pointer sets the log output to the standard output. Note that the
* output stream is only used if
* .Va LOG_FLAG_SYSLOG
* is not set.
*/
extern void LogConfigOutputSet(LogConfig *, Stream *);
/**
* Set a number of boolean options on a log configuration. This
* function uses bitwise operators, so multiple options can be set with
* a single function call using bitwise OR operators. The flags are
* defined as preprocessor macros, and are as follows:
* .Bl -tag -width Ds
* .It LOG_FLAG_COLOR
* When set, enable color-coded output on TTYs. Note that colors are
* implemented as ANSI escape sequences, and are not written to file
* streams that are not actually connected to a TTY, to prevent those
* sequences from being written to a file.
* .Xr isatty 3
* is checked before writing any terminal sequences.
* .It LOG_FLAG_SYSLOG
* When set, log output to the syslog using
* .Xr syslog 3 ,
* instead of logging to the file set by
* .Fn LogConfigOutputSet .
* This flag always overrides the stream set by that function,
* regardless of when it was set, even if it was set after this flag
* was set.
* .El
*/
extern void LogConfigFlagSet(LogConfig *, int);
/**
* Clear a boolean flag from the specified log format. See above for
* the list of flags.
*/
extern void LogConfigFlagClear(LogConfig *, int);
/**
* Set a custom timestamp to be prepended to each message if the
* output is not going to the system log. Consult your system's
* documentation for
* .Xr strftime 3 .
* A value of NULL disables the timestamp output before messages.
*/
extern void LogConfigTimeStampFormatSet(LogConfig *, char *);
/**
* This function does the actual logging of messages using a
* specified configuration. It takes the configuration, the log
* level, a format string, and then a list of arguments, all in that
* order. This function only logs messages if their level is above
* or equal to the currently configured log level, making it easy to
* turn some messages on or off.
* .Pp
* This function has the same usage as
* .Xr vprintf 3 .
* Consult that page for the list of format specifiers and their
* arguments. This function is typically not used directly, see the
* other log functions for the most common use cases.
*/
extern void Logv(LogConfig *, int, const char *, va_list);
/**
* Log a message using
* .Fn Logv .
* with the specified configuration. This function has the same usage
* as
* .Xr printf 3 .
*/
extern void LogTo(LogConfig *, int, const char *, ...);
/**
* Log a message to the global log using
* .Fn Logv .
* This function has the same usage as
* .Xr printf 3 .
*/
extern void Log(int, const char *, ...);
#endif

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_MEMORY_H
#define CYTOPLASM_MEMORY_H
/***
* @Nm Memory
* @Nd Smart memory management.
* @Dd January 9 2023
*
* .Nm
* is an API that allows for smart memory management and profiling. It
* wraps the standard library functions
* .Xr malloc 3 ,
* .Xr realloc 3 ,
* and
* .Xr free 3 ,
* and offers identical semantics, while providing functionality that
* the standard library doesn't have, such as getting statistics on the
* total memory allocated on the heap, and getting the size of a block
* given a pointer. Additionally, thanks to preprocessor macros, the
* exact file and line number at which an allocation, re-allocation, or
* free occured can be obtained given a pointer. Finally, all the
* blocks allocated on the heap can be iterated and evaluated, and a
* callback function can be executed every time a memory operation
* occurs.
* .Pp
* In the future, this API could include a garbage collector that
* automatically frees memory it detects as being no longer in use.
* However, this feature does not yet exist.
* .Pp
* A number of macros are available, which make the
* .Nm
* API much easier to use. They are as follows:
* .Bl -bullet -offset indent
* .It
* .Fn Malloc "x"
* .It
* .Fn Realloc "x" "y"
* .It
* .Fn Free "x"
* .El
* .Pp
* These macros expand to
* .Fn MemoryAllocate ,
* .Fn MemoryReallocate ,
* and
* .Fn MemoryFree
* with the second and third parameters set to __FILE__ and __LINE__.
* This allows
* .Nm
* to be used exactly how the standard library functions would be
* used. In fact, the functions to which these macros expand are not
* intended to be used directly; for the best results, use these
* macros.
*/
#include <stddef.h>
/**
* These values are passed into the memory hook function to indicate
* the action that just happened.
*/
typedef enum MemoryAction
{
MEMORY_ALLOCATE,
MEMORY_REALLOCATE,
MEMORY_FREE,
MEMORY_BAD_POINTER,
MEMORY_CORRUPTED
} MemoryAction;
#define Malloc(x) MemoryAllocate(x, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define Realloc(x, s) MemoryReallocate(x, s, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define Free(x) MemoryFree(x, __FILE__, __LINE__)
/**
* The memory information is opaque, but can be accessed using the
* functions defined by this API.
*/
typedef struct MemoryInfo MemoryInfo;
/**
* Allocate the specified number of bytes on the heap. This function
* has the same semantics as
* .Xr malloc 3 ,
* except that it takes the file name and line number at which the
* allocation occurred.
*/
extern void * MemoryAllocate(size_t, const char *, int);
/**
* Change the size of the object pointed to by the given pointer
* to the given number of bytes. This function has the same semantics
* as
* .Xr realloc 3 ,
* except that it takes the file name and line number at which the
* reallocation occurred.
*/
extern void * MemoryReallocate(void *, size_t, const char *, int);
/**
* Free the memory at the given pointer. This function has the same
* semantics as
* .Xr free 3 ,
* except that it takes the file name and line number at which the
* free occurred.
*/
extern void MemoryFree(void *, const char *, int);
/**
* Get the total number of bytes that the program has allocated on the
* heap. This operation iterates over all heap allocations made with
* .Fn MemoryAllocate
* and then returns a total count, in bytes.
*/
extern size_t MemoryAllocated(void);
/**
* Iterate over all heap allocations made with
* .Fn MemoryAllocate
* and call
* .Fn MemoryFree
* on them. This function immediately invalidates all pointers to
* blocks on the heap, and any subsequent attempt to read or write to
* data on the heap will result in undefined behavior. This is
* typically called at the end of the program, just before exit.
*/
extern void MemoryFreeAll(void);
/**
* Fetch information about an allocation. This function takes a raw
* pointer, and if
* . Nm
* knows about the pointer, it returns a structure that can be used
* to obtain information about the block of memory that the pointer
* points to.
*/
extern MemoryInfo * MemoryInfoGet(void *);
/**
* Get the size in bytes of the block of memory represented by the
* specified memory info structure.
*/
extern size_t MemoryInfoGetSize(MemoryInfo *);
/**
* Get the file name in which the block of memory represented by the
* specified memory info structure was allocated.
*/
extern const char * MemoryInfoGetFile(MemoryInfo *);
/**
* Get the line number on which the block of memory represented by the
* specified memory info structure was allocated.
*/
extern int MemoryInfoGetLine(MemoryInfo *);
/**
* Get a pointer to the block of memory represented by the specified
* memory info structure.
*/
extern void * MemoryInfoGetPointer(MemoryInfo *);
/**
* This function takes a pointer to a function that takes the memory
* info structure, as well as a void pointer for caller-provided
* arguments. It iterates over all the heap memory currently allocated
* at the time of calling, executing the function on each allocation.
*/
extern void MemoryIterate(void (*) (MemoryInfo *, void *), void *);
/**
* Specify a function to be executed whenever a memory operation
* occurs. The MemoryAction argument specifies the operation that
* occurred on the block of memory represented by the memory info
* structure. The function also takes a void pointer to caller-provided
* arguments.
*/
extern void MemoryHook(void (*) (MemoryAction, MemoryInfo *, void *), void *);
/**
* The default memory hook, which has sane behavior and is installed
* at runtime. This function does not use any memory on the heap,
* except for the MemoryInfo passed to it, which it assumes to be
* valid. Everything else happens on the stack only, to ensure that
* the hook doesn't make any memory problems worse.
*/
extern void MemoryDefaultHook(MemoryAction, MemoryInfo *, void *);
/**
* Read over the block of memory represented by the given memory info
* structure and generate a hexadecimal and ASCII string for each
* chunk of the block. This function takes a callback function that
* takes the following parameters in order:
* .Bl -bullet -offset indent
* .It
* The current offset from the beginning of the block of memory in
* bytes.
* .It
* A null-terminated string containing the next 16 bytes of the block
* encoded as space-separated hex values.
* .It
* A null-terminated string containing the ASCII representation of the
* same 16 bytes of memory. This ASCII representation is safe to print
* to a terminal or other text device, because non-printable characters
* are encoded as a . (period).
* .It
* Caller-passed pointer.
* .El
*/
extern void
MemoryHexDump(MemoryInfo *, void (*) (size_t, char *, char *, void *), void *);
#endif

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_QUEUE_H
#define CYTOPLASM_QUEUE_H
/***
* @Nm Queue
* @Nd A simple static queue data structure.
* @Dd November 25 2022
* @Xr Array HashMap
*
* .Nm
* implements a simple queue data structure that is statically sized.
* This implementation does not actually store the values of the items
* in it; it only stores pointers to the data. As such, you will have
* to manually maintain data and make sure it remains valid as long as
* it is in the queue. The advantage of this is that
* .Nm
* doesn't have to copy data, and thus doesn't care how big the data
* is. Furthermore, any arbitrary data can be stored in the queue.
* .Pp
* This queue implementation operates on the heap. It is a circular
* queue, and it does not grow as it is used. Once the size is set,
* the queue never gets any bigger.
*/
#include <stddef.h>
/**
* These functions operate on a queue structure that is opaque to the
* caller.
*/
typedef struct Queue Queue;
/**
* Allocate a new queue that is able to store the specified number of
* items in it.
*/
extern Queue * QueueCreate(size_t);
/**
* Free the memory associated with the specified queue structure. Note
* that this function does not free any of the values stored in the
* queue; it is the caller's job to manage memory for each item.
* Typically, the caller would dequeue all the items in the queue and
* deal with them before freeing the queue itself.
*/
extern void QueueFree(Queue *);
/**
* Push an element into the queue. This function returns a boolean
* value indicating whether or not the push succeeded. Pushing items
* into the queue will fail if the queue is full.
*/
extern int QueuePush(Queue *, void *);
/**
* Pop an element out of the queue. This function returns NULL if the
* queue is empty. Otherwise, it returns a pointer to the item that is
* next up in the queue.
*/
extern void * QueuePop(Queue *);
/**
* Retrieve a pointer to the item that is next up in the queue without
* actually discarding it, such that the next call to
* .Fn QueuePeek
* or
* .Fn QueuePop
* will return the same pointer.
*/
extern void * QueuePeek(Queue *);
/**
* Determine whether or not the queue is full.
*/
extern int QueueFull(Queue *);
/**
* Determine whether or not the queue is empty.
*/
extern int QueueEmpty(Queue *);
#endif

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_RAND_H
#define CYTOPLASM_RAND_H
/***
* @Nm Rand
* @Nd Thread-safe random numbers.
* @Dd February 16 2023
* @Xr Util
*
* .Nm
* is used for generating random numbers in a thread-safe way.
* Currently, one generator state is shared across all threads, which
* means that only one thread can generate random numbers at a time.
* This state is protected with a mutex to guarantee this behavior.
* In the future, a seed pool may be maintained to allow multiple
* threads to generate random numbers at the same time.
* .Pp
* The generator state is seeded on the first call to a function that
* needs it. The seed is determined by the current timestamp, the ID
* of the process, and the thread ID. These should all be sufficiently
* random sources, so the seed should be secure enough.
* .Pp
* .Nm
* currently uses a simple Mersenne Twister algorithm to generate
* random numbers. This algorithm was chosen because it is extremely
* popular and widespread. While it is likely not cryptographically
* secure, and does suffer some unfortunate pitfalls, this algorithm
* has stood the test of time and is simple enough to implement, so
* it was chosen over the alternatives.
* .Pp
* .Nm
* does not use any random number generator functions from the C
* standard library, since these are often flawed.
*/
#include <stddef.h>
/**
* Generate a single random integer between 0 and the passed value.
*/
extern int RandInt(unsigned int);
/**
* Generate the number of integers specified by the second argument
* storing them into the buffer pointed to in the first argument.
* Ensure that each number is between 0 and the third argument.
* .Pp
* This function allows a caller to get multiple random numbers at once
* in a more efficient manner than repeatedly calling
* .Fn RandInt ,
* since each call to these functions
* has to lock and unlock a mutex. It is therefore better to obtain
* multiple random numbers in one pass if multiple are needed.
*/
extern void RandIntN(int *, size_t, unsigned int);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_RAND_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_RUNTIME_H
#define CYTOPLASM_RUNTIME_H
/***
* @Nm Runtime
* @Nd Supporting functions for the Cytoplasm runtime.
* @Dd May 23 2023
* @Xr Memory
*
* .Nm
* provides supporting functions for the Cytoplasm runtime. These
* functions are not intended to be called directly by programs,
* but are used internally. They're exposed via a header because
* the runtime stub needs to know their definitions.
*/
#include <Array.h>
/**
* Write a memory report to a file in the current directory, using
* the provided program arguments, including the program name that
* executed. This function is to be called after all memory is
* supposed to have been freed. It iterates over all remaining
* memory and generates a text file containing all of the
* recorded information about each block, including a hex dump of
* the data stored in them.
*/
extern void GenerateMemoryReport(int argc, char **argv);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_RUNTIME_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_SHA_H
#define CYTOPLASM_SHA_H
/***
* @Nm Sha
* @Nd A simple implementation of a few SHA hashing functions.
* @Dd December 19 2022
* @Xr Memory Base64
*
* This API defines simple functions for computing SHA hashes.
* At the moment, it only defines
* .Fn Sha256
* and
* .Fn Sha1 ,
* which compute the SHA-256 and SHA-1 hashes of the given C string,
* respectively. It is not trivial to implement SHA-512 in ANSI C
* due to the lack of a 64-bit integer type, so that hash
* function has been omitted.
*/
/**
* This function takes a pointer to a NULL-terminated C string, and
* returns a NULL-terminated byte buffer allocated on the heap using
* the Memory API, or NULL if there was an error allocating memory.
* The returned byte buffer should be freed when it is no longer
* needed. It is important to note that the returned buffer is not
* a printable string; to get a printable string, use
* .Fn ShaToHex .
*/
extern unsigned char * Sha256(char *);
/**
* This function takes a pointer to a NULL-terminated C string, and
* returns a NULL-terminated byte buffer allocated on the heap using
* the Memory API, or NULL if there was an error allocating memory.
* The returned byte buffer should be freed when it is no longer
* needed. It is important to note that the returned buffer is not
* a printable string; to get a printable string, use
* .Fn ShaToHex .
*/
extern unsigned char * Sha1(char *);
/**
* Convert a SHA byte buffer into a hex string. These hex strings
* are typically what is transmitted, stored, and compared, however
* there may be times when it is necessary to work with the raw
* bytes directly, which is why the conversion to a hex string is
* a separate step.
*/
extern char * ShaToHex(unsigned char *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_SHA_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_STR_H
#define CYTOPLASM_STR_H
/***
* @Nm Str
* @Nd Functions for creating and manipulating strings.
* @Dd February 15 2023
* @Xr Memory
*
* .Nm
* provides string-related functions. It is called
* .Nm ,
* not String, because some platforms (Windows) do not have
* case-sensitive filesystems, which poses a problem since
* .Pa string.h
* is a standard library header.
*/
#include <Int.h>
#include <stddef.h>
/**
* Convert UTF-16 into a Unicode codepoint.
*/
extern UInt32 StrUtf16Decode(UInt16, UInt16);
/**
* Take a Unicode codepoint and encode it into a string buffer containing
* between 1 and 4 bytes. The string buffer is allocated on the heap,
* so it should be freed when it is no longer needed.
*/
extern char * StrUtf8Encode(UInt32);
/**
* Duplicate a null-terminated string, returning a new string on the
* heap. This is useful when a function takes in a string that it needs
* to store for long amounts of time, even perhaps after the original
* string is gone.
*/
extern char * StrDuplicate(const char *);
/**
* Extract part of a null-terminated string, returning a new string on
* the heap containing only the requested subsection. Like the
* substring functions included with most programming languages, the
* starting index is inclusive, and the ending index is exclusive.
*/
extern char * StrSubstr(const char *, size_t, size_t);
/**
* A varargs function that takes a number of null-terminated strings
* specified by the first argument, and returns a new string that
* contains their concatenation. It works similarly to
* .Xr strcat 3 ,
* but it takes care of allocating memory big enough to hold all the
* strings. Any string in the list may be NULL. If a NULL pointer is
* passed, it is treated like an empty string.
*/
extern char * StrConcat(size_t,...);
/**
* Return a boolean value indicating whether or not the null-terminated
* string consists only of blank characters, as determined by
* .Xr isblank 3 .
*/
extern int StrBlank(const char *str);
/**
* Generate a string of the specified length, containing random
* lowercase and uppercase letters.
*/
extern char * StrRandom(size_t);
/**
* Convert the specified integer into a string, returning the string
* on the heap, or NULL if there was a memory allocation error. The
* returned string should be freed by the caller after it is no longer
* needed.
*/
extern char * StrInt(long);
/**
* Converts a string into a lowercase version of it using
* .Xr tolower 3 ,
* returning the lowercase version on the heap, or NULL if there was
* a memory allocation error. The returned string should be freed by
* the caller after it is no longer needed.
*/
extern char * StrLower(char *);
/**
* Compare two strings and determine whether or not they are equal.
* This is the most common use case of strcmp() in Cytoplasm, but
* strcmp() doesn't like NULL pointers, so these have to be checked
* explicitly and can cause problems if they aren't. This function,
* on the other hand, makes NULL pointers special cases. If both
* arguments are NULL, then they are considered equal. If only one
* argument is NULL, they are considered not equal. Otherwise, if
* no arguments are NULL, a regular strcmp() takes place and this
* function returns a boolean value indicating whether or not
* strcmp() returned 0.
*/
extern int StrEquals(const char *, const char *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_STR_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_STREAM_H
#define CYTOPLASM_STREAM_H
/***
* @Nm Stream
* @Nd An abstraction over the Io API that implements standard C I/O.
* @Dd April 29 2023
* @Xr Io
*
* .Nm
* implements an abstraction layer over the Io API. This layer buffers
* I/O and makes it much easier to work with, mimicking the standard
* C library and offering some more convenience features.
*/
#include <Io.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
/**
* An opaque structure analogous to C's FILE pointers.
*/
typedef struct Stream Stream;
/**
* Create a new stream using the specified Io for underlying I/O
* operations.
*/
extern Stream * StreamIo(Io * io);
/**
* Create a new stream using the specified POSIX file descriptor.
* This is a convenience function for calling
* .Fn IoFd
* and then passing the result into
* .Fn StreamIo .
*/
extern Stream * StreamFd(int);
/**
* Create a new stream using the specified C FILE pointer. This is a
* convenience function for calling
* .Fn IoFile
* and then passing the result into
* .Fn StreamIo .
*/
extern Stream * StreamFile(FILE *);
/**
* Create a new stream using the specified path and mode. This is a
* convenience function for calling
* .Xr fopen 3
* and then passing the result into
* .Fn StreamFile .
*/
extern Stream * StreamOpen(const char *, const char *);
/**
* Get a stream that writes to the standard output.
*/
extern Stream * StreamStdout(void);
/**
* Get a stream that writes to the standard error.
*/
extern Stream * StreamStderr(void);
/**
* Get a stream that reads from the standard input.
*/
extern Stream * StreamStdin(void);
/**
* Close the stream. This flushes the buffers and closes the underlying
* Io. It is analogous to the standard
* .Xr fclose 3
* function.
*/
extern int StreamClose(Stream *);
/**
* Print a formatted string. This function is analogous to the standard
* .Xr vfprintf 3
* function.
*/
extern int StreamVprintf(Stream *, const char *, va_list);
/**
* Print a formatted string. This function is analogous to the
* standard
* .Xr fprintf 3
* function.
*/
extern int StreamPrintf(Stream *, const char *,...);
/**
* Get a single character from a stream. This function is analogous to
* the standard
* .Xr fgetc 3
* function.
*/
extern int StreamGetc(Stream *);
/**
* Push a character back onto the input stream. This function is
* analogous to the standard
* .Xr ungetc 3
* function.
*/
extern int StreamUngetc(Stream *, int);
/**
* Write a single character to the stream. This function is analogous
* to the standard
* .Xr fputc 3
* function.
*/
extern int StreamPutc(Stream *, int);
/**
* Write a null-terminated string to the stream. This function is
* analogous to the standard
* .Xr fputs 3
* function.
*/
extern int StreamPuts(Stream *, char *);
/**
* Read at most the specified number of characters minus 1 from the
* specified stream and store them at the memory located at the
* specified pointer. This function is analogous to the standard
* .Xr fgets 3
* function.
*/
extern char * StreamGets(Stream *, char *, int);
/**
* Set the file position indicator for the specified stream. This
* function is analogous to the standard
* .Xr fseeko
* function.
*/
extern off_t StreamSeek(Stream *, off_t, int);
/**
* Test the end-of-file indicator for the given stream, returning a
* boolean value indicating whether or not it is set. This is analogous
* to the standard
* .Xr feof 3
* function.
*/
extern int StreamEof(Stream *);
/**
* Test the stream for an error condition, returning a boolean value
* indicating whether or not one is present. This is analogous to the
* standard
* .Xr ferror 3
* function.
*/
extern int StreamError(Stream *);
/**
* Clear the error condition associated with the given stream, allowing
* future reads or writes to potentially be successful. This functio
* is analogous to the standard
* .Xr clearerr 3
* function.
*/
extern void StreamClearError(Stream *);
/**
* Flush all buffered data using the streams underlying write function.
* This function is analogous to the standard
* .Xr fflush 3
* function.
*/
extern int StreamFlush(Stream *);
/**
* Read all the bytes from the first stream and write them to the
* second stream. This is analogous to
* .Fn IoCopy ,
* but it uses the internal buffers of the streams. It is probably
* less efficient than doing a
* .Fn IoCopy
* instead, but it is more convenient.
*/
extern ssize_t StreamCopy(Stream *, Stream *);
/**
* Get the file descriptor associated with the given stream, or -1 if
* the stream is not associated with any file descriptor. This function
* is analogous to the standard
* .Xr fileno 3
* function.
*/
extern int StreamFileno(Stream *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_STREAM_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_TLS_H
#define CYTOPLASM_TLS_H
/***
* @Nm Tls
* @Nd Interface to platform-dependent TLS libraries.
* @Dd April 29 2023
* @Xr Stream Io
*
* .Nm
* provides an interface to platform-dependent TLS libraries. It allows
* Cytoplasm to support any TLS library with no changes to existing
* code. Support for additional TLS libraries is added by creating a
* new compilation unit that implements all the functions here, with
* the exception of a few, which are noted.
* .Pp
* Currently, Cytoplasm has support for the following TLS libraries:
* .Bl -bullet -offset indent
* .It
* LibreSSL
* .It
* OpenSSL
* .El
*/
#include <Stream.h>
#define TLS_LIBRESSL 2
#define TLS_OPENSSL 3
/**
* Create a new TLS client stream using the given file descriptor and
* the given server hostname. The hostname should be used to verify
* that the server actually is who it says it is.
* .Pp
* This function does not need to be implemented by the individual
* TLS support stubs.
*/
extern Stream * TlsClientStream(int, const char *);
/**
* Create a new TLS server stream using the given certificate and key
* file, in the format natively supported by the TLS library.
* .Pp
* This function does not need to be implemented by the individual
* TLS support stubs.
*/
extern Stream * TlsServerStream(int, const char *, const char *);
/**
* Initialize a cookie that stores information about the given client
* connection. This cookie will be passed into the other functions
* defined by this API.
*/
extern void * TlsInitClient(int, const char *);
/**
* Initialize a cookie that stores information about the given
* server connection. This cookie will be passed into the other
* functions defined by this API.
*/
extern void * TlsInitServer(int, const char *, const char *);
/**
* Read from a TLS stream, decrypting it and storing the result in the
* specified buffer. This function takes the cookie, buffer, and
* number of decrypted bytes to read into it. See the documentation for
* .Fn IoRead .
*/
extern ssize_t TlsRead(void *, void *, size_t);
/**
* Write to a TLS stream, encrypting the buffer. This function takes
* the cookie, buffer, and number of unencrypted bytes to write to
* the stream. See the documentation for
* .Fn IoWrite .
*/
extern ssize_t TlsWrite(void *, void *, size_t);
/**
* Close the TLS stream, also freeing all memory associated with the
* cookie.
*/
extern int TlsClose(void *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_TLS_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_UINT64_H
#define CYTOPLASM_UINT64_H
/***
* @Nm UInt64
* @Nd Fixed-width 64 bit integers.
* @Dd August 11, 2023
*
* .Pp
* ANSI C89 (or C99 for that matter) provides no required mechanism
* for 64 bit integers. Nevertheless, many compilers provide them as
* extensions. However, since it is not a gaurantee, and to be fully
* standards-compliant and thus portable, a platform-agnostic interface
* is required. This header provides such an interface. If the platform
* has a 64 bit integer type, that is used, and native operations are
* performed by C preprocessor macro expansion. Otherwise, a
* compatibility layer is provided, which implements 64-bit
* arithmetic on an array of 2 32-bit numbers which are provided by
* .Xr Int 3 .
* .Pp
* Note that 64-bit emulation is certainly not as performant as using
* native 64-bit operations, so whenever possible, the native
* operations should be preferred. However, since C provides no required
* 64 bit integer on 32-bit and less platforms, this API can be used as
* a "good enough" fallback mechanism.
* .Pp
* Also note that this implementation, both in the native and
* non-native forms, makes some assumptions:
* .Bl -bullet -width Ds
* .It
* When a cast from a larger integer to a smaller integer is performed,
* the upper bits are truncated, not the lower bits.
* .It
* Negative numbers are represented in memory and in registers in two's
* compliment form.
* .El
* .Pp
* This API may provide unexpected output if these assumptions are
* false for a given platform.
*
* @ignore-typedefs
*/
#include <Int.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#ifndef INT64_FORCE_EMULATED
#define BIT64_MAX 18446744073709551615UL
#if UINT_MAX == BIT64_MAX
/* typedef signed int Int64; */
typedef unsigned int UInt64;
#define UINT64_NATIVE
#elif ULONG_MAX == BIT64_MAX
/* typedef signed int Int64; */
typedef unsigned long UInt64;
#define UINT64_NATIVE
#endif
#endif /* ifndef INT64_FORCE_EMULATED */
#ifdef UINT64_NATIVE
#define UInt64Create(high, low) (((UInt64) (high) << 32) | (low))
#define UInt64Low(a) ((UInt32) ((a) & 0x00000000FFFFFFFF))
#define UInt64High(a) ((UInt32) ((a) >> 32))
#define UInt64Add(a, b) ((a) + (b))
#define UInt64Sub(a, b) ((a) - (b))
#define UInt64Mul(a, b) ((a) * (b))
#define UInt64Div(a, b) ((a) / (b))
#define UInt64Rem(a, b) ((a) % (b))
#define UInt64Sll(a, b) ((a) << (b))
#define UInt64Srl(a, b) ((a) >> (b))
#define UInt64And(a, b) ((a) & (b))
#define UInt64Or(a, b) ((a) | (b))
#define UInt64Xor(a, b) ((a) ^ (b))
#define UInt64Not(a) (~(a))
#define UInt64Eq(a, b) ((a) == (b))
#define UInt64Lt(a, b) ((a) < (b))
#define UInt64Gt(a, b) ((a) > (b))
#define UInt64Neq(a, b) ((a) != (b))
#define UInt64Leq(a, b) ((a) <= (b))
#define UInt64Geq(a, b) ((a) >= (b))
#else
/**
* For platforms that do not have a native integer large enough to
* store a 64 bit integer, this struct is used. i[0] contains the low
* bits of integer, and i[1] contains the high bits of the integer.
* .Pp
* This struct should not be accessed directly, because UInt64 may not
* actually be this struct, it might be an actual integer type. For
* maximum portability, only use the functions defined here to
* manipulate 64 bit integers.
*/
typedef struct
{
UInt32 i[2];
} UInt64;
/**
* Create a new unsigned 64 bit integer using the given high and low
* bits.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Create(UInt32, UInt32);
/**
* Add two unsigned 64 bit integers together.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Add(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Subtract the second 64 bit integer from the first.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Sub(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Multiply two 64 bit integers together. The non-native version of
* this function uses the Russian Peasant method of multiplication,
* which should afford more performance than a naive multiplication by
* addition, but it is still rather slow and depends on the size of
* the integers being multiplied.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Mul(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the
* quotient. The non-native version of this function uses naive binary
* long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant
* time.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Div(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the
* remainder. The non-native version of this function uses naive binary
* long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant
* time.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Rem(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a left logical bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second
* parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular
* integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Sll(UInt64, int);
/**
* Perform a right logical bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second
* parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular
* integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Srl(UInt64, int);
/**
* Perform a bitwise AND (&) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64And(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a bitwise OR (|) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Or(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a bitwise XOR (^) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Xor(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a bitwise NOT (~) of the provided 64 bit integer.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Not(UInt64);
/**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if they are equal.
*/
extern int UInt64Eq(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly
* less than the first.
*/
extern int UInt64Lt(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly
* greater than the first.
*/
extern int UInt64Gt(UInt64, UInt64);
#define UInt64Low(a) ((a).i[0])
#define UInt64High(a) ((a).i[1])
#define UInt64Neq(a, b) (!UInt64Eq(a, b))
#define UInt64Leq(a, b) (UInt64Eq(a, b) || UInt64Lt(a, b))
#define UInt64Geq(a, b) (UInt64Eq(a, b) || UInt64Gt(a, b))
#endif
#define UINT64_STRBUF 65 /* Base 2 representation with '\0' */
/**
* Convert a 64 bit integer to a string in an arbitrary base
* representation specified by the second parameter, using the provided
* buffer and length specified by the third and fourth parameters. To
* guarantee that the string will fit in the buffer, allocate it of
* size UINT64_STRBUF or larger. Note that a buffer size smaller than
* UINT64_STRBUF will invoke undefined behavior.
*/
extern size_t UInt64Str(UInt64, int, char *, size_t);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_UINT64_H */

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_URI_H
#define CYTOPLASM_URI_H
/***
* @Nm Uri
* @Nd Parse a URI. Typically used to parse HTTP(s) URLs.
* @Dd April 29 2023
* @Xr Http
*
* .Nm
* provides a simple mechanism for parsing URIs. This is an extremely
* basic parser that (ab)uses
* .Xr sscanf 3
* to parse URIs, so it may not be the most reliable, but it should
* work in most cases and on reasonable URIs that aren't too long, as
* the _MAX definitions are modest.
*/
#define URI_PROTO_MAX 8
#define URI_HOST_MAX 128
#define URI_PATH_MAX 256
/**
* The parsed URI is stored in this structure.
*/
typedef struct Uri
{
char proto[URI_PROTO_MAX];
char host[URI_HOST_MAX];
char path[URI_PATH_MAX];
unsigned short port;
} Uri;
/**
* Parse a URI string into the Uri structure as described above, or
* return NULL if there was a parsing error.
*/
extern Uri * UriParse(const char *);
/**
* Free the memory associated with a Uri structure returned by
* .Fn UriParse .
*/
extern void UriFree(Uri *);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_URI_H */

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src/include/Util.h
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_UTIL_H
#define CYTOPLASM_UTIL_H
/***
* @Nm Util
* @Nd Some misc. helper functions that don't need their own headers.
* @Dd February 15 2023
*
* This header holds a number of random functions related to strings,
* time, the filesystem, and other simple tasks that don't require a
* full separate API. For the most part, the functions here are
* entirely standalone, depending only on POSIX functions, however
* there are a few that depend explicitly on a few other APIs. Those
* are noted.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <Stream.h>
#include <UInt64.h>
/**
* Get the current timestamp in milliseconds since the Unix epoch. This
* uses
* .Xr gettimeofday 2
* and time_t, and converts it to a single number, which is then
* returned to the caller.
* .Pp
* A note on the 2038 problem: as long as sizeof(time_t) >= 8, that is,
* as long as the time_t type is 64 bits or more, then everything
* should be fine. On most, if not, all, 64-bit systems, time_t is 64
* bits. time_t is promoted to a 64-bit integer before it is converted
* to milliseconds, so there is no risk of overflue due to the
* multiplication by 1000. However, if time_t is only 32 bits, it will
* overflow before it even gets to this function, which will cause this
* function to produce unexpected results.
*/
extern UInt64 UtilServerTs(void);
/**
* Use
* .Xr stat 2
* to get the last modified time of the given file, or zero if there
* was an error getting the last modified time of a file. This is
* primarily useful for caching file data.
*/
extern UInt64 UtilLastModified(char *);
/**
* This function behaves just like the system call
* .Xr mkdir 2 ,
* but it creates any intermediate directories as necessary, unlike
* .Xr mkdir 2 .
*/
extern int UtilMkdir(const char *, const mode_t);
/**
* Sleep the calling thread for the given number of milliseconds.
* POSIX does not have a very friendly way to sleep, so this wraps
* .Xr nanosleep 2
* to make its usage much, much simpler.
*/
extern int UtilSleepMillis(UInt64);
/**
* This function works identically to the POSIX
* .Xr getdelim 3 ,
* except that it assumes pointers were allocated with the Memory API
* and it reads from a Stream instead of a file pointer.
*/
extern ssize_t UtilGetDelim(char **, size_t *, int, Stream *);
/**
* This function is just a special case of
* .Fn UtilGetDelim
* that sets the delimiter to the newline character.
*/
extern ssize_t UtilGetLine(char **, size_t *, Stream *);
/**
* Get a unique number associated with the current thread.
* Numbers are assigned in the order that threads call this
* function, but are guaranteed to be unique in identifying
* the thread in a more human-readable way than just casting
* the return value of
* .Fn pthread_self
* to a number.
*/
extern UInt32 UtilThreadNo(void);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_UTIL_H */

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tools/int64.c
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#include <Int64.h>
#include <Log.h>
/* AssertEquals(actual, expected) */
int
AssertEquals(char *msg, Int64 x, Int64 y)
{
if (!Int64Eq(x, y))
{
Log(LOG_ERR, "%s: Expected 0x%X 0x%X, got 0x%X 0x%X", msg,
Int64High(y), Int64Low(y),
Int64High(x), Int64Low(x));
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
int
Main(void)
{
Int64 x, y;
Log(LOG_INFO, "sizeof(Int64) = %lu", sizeof(Int64));
#ifdef INT64_NATIVE
Log(LOG_INFO, "Using native 64-bit integers.");
#else
Log(LOG_INFO, "Using emulated 64-bit integers.");
#endif
/* BSR Tests */
x = Int64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000);
y = Int64Sra(x, 4);
AssertEquals("x >> 4", y, Int64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000));
y = Int64Sra(x, 8);
AssertEquals("x >> 8", y, Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000));
y = Int64Sra(x, 36);
AssertEquals("x >> 36", y, Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x0000000F));
x = Int64Create(0xFF000000, 0x00000000);
y = Int64Sra(x, 4);
AssertEquals("x >> 4", y, Int64Create(0xFFF00000, 0x00000000));
y = Int64Sra(x, 8);
AssertEquals("x >> 8", y, Int64Create(0xFFFF0000, 0x00000000));
y = Int64Sra(x, 63);
AssertEquals("x >> 63", y, Int64Create(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF));
/* BSL Tests */
x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000);
y = Int64Sll(x, 4);
AssertEquals("x << 4", y, Int64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000));
y = Int64Sll(x, 8);
AssertEquals("x << 8", y, Int64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000));
y = Int64Sll(x, 36);
AssertEquals("x << 36", y, Int64Create(0xF0000000, 0x00000000));
/* ADD Tests */
x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000001);
y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002);
AssertEquals("0xF0000001 + 0x00000002", Int64Add(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000003));
x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000000);
y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x10000000);
AssertEquals("0xF0000000 + 0x10000000", Int64Add(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000));
x = Int64Create(0, 5);
y = Int64Neg(Int64Create(0, 10));
AssertEquals("5 + (-10)", Int64Add(x, y), Int64Neg(Int64Create(0, 5)));
/* SUB Tests */
x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002);
AssertEquals("0x00000005 - 0x00000002", Int64Sub(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000003));
x = Int64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000);
y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000001);
AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 - 0x00000001", Int64Sub(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF));
x = Int64Create(0, 5);
y = Int64Create(0, 10);
AssertEquals("5 - 10", Int64Sub(x, y), Int64Neg(Int64Create(0, 5)));
x = Int64Create(0, 5);
y = Int64Neg(Int64Create(0, 10));
AssertEquals("5 - (-10)", Int64Sub(x, y), Int64Create(0, 15));
/* MUL Tests */
x = Int64Create(0, 18);
y = Int64Create(0, 1);
AssertEquals("18 * 1", Int64Mul(x, y), Int64Create(0, 18));
x = Int64Create(0, 20);
y = Int64Create(0, 12);
AssertEquals("20 * 12", Int64Mul(x, y), Int64Create(0, 240));
x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
AssertEquals("0x00000005 * 0x00000005", Int64Mul(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000019));
x = Int64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000);
y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 * 0x00000005", Int64Mul(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000005, 0x00000000));
/* DIV Tests */
x = Int64Create(0, 12);
y = Int64Create(0, 4);
AssertEquals("12 / 4", Int64Div(x, y), Int64Create(0, 3));
/* MOD Tests */
x = Int64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000);
y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x000000FF 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", Int64Rem(x, y), Int64Create(0, 0));
x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000);
y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x00000000 0xFF000000 mod 0x00000010", Int64Rem(x, y), Int64Create(0, 0));
x = Int64Create(0xFF000000, 0x00000000);
y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0xFF000000 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", Int64Rem(x, y), Int64Create(0, 0));
x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x000000F0);
y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x00000000 0x000000F0 mod 0x00000010", Int64Rem(x, y), Int64Create(0, 0));
/* TODO: Add more tests for negative multiplication, division, and
* mod */
return 0;
}

119
tools/uint64.c
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@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
#include <UInt64.h>
#include <Log.h>
/* AssertEquals(actual, expected) */
int
AssertEquals(char *msg, UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
if (!UInt64Eq(x, y))
{
Log(LOG_ERR, "%s: Expected 0x%X 0x%X, got 0x%X 0x%X", msg,
UInt64High(y), UInt64Low(y),
UInt64High(x), UInt64Low(x));
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
int
Main(void)
{
UInt64 x, y;
Log(LOG_INFO, "sizeof(UInt64) = %lu", sizeof(UInt64));
#ifdef UINT64_NATIVE
Log(LOG_INFO, "Using native 64-bit integers.");
#else
Log(LOG_INFO, "Using emulated 64-bit integers.");
#endif
/* BSR Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Srl(x, 4);
AssertEquals("x >> 4", y, UInt64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000));
y = UInt64Srl(x, 8);
AssertEquals("x >> 8", y, UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000));
y = UInt64Srl(x, 36);
AssertEquals("x >> 36", y, UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x0000000F));
/* BSL Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000);
y = UInt64Sll(x, 4);
AssertEquals("x << 4", y, UInt64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000));
y = UInt64Sll(x, 8);
AssertEquals("x << 8", y, UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000));
y = UInt64Sll(x, 36);
AssertEquals("x << 36", y, UInt64Create(0xF0000000, 0x00000000));
/* ADD Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000001);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002);
AssertEquals("0xF0000001 + 0x00000002", UInt64Add(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000003));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x10000000);
AssertEquals("0xF0000000 + 0x10000000", UInt64Add(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000));
/* SUB Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002);
AssertEquals("0x00000005 - 0x00000002", UInt64Sub(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000003));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000001);
AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 - 0x00000001", UInt64Sub(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF));
/* MUL Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0, 18);
y = UInt64Create(0, 1);
AssertEquals("18 * 1", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 18));
x = UInt64Create(0, 20);
y = UInt64Create(0, 12);
AssertEquals("20 * 12", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 240));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
AssertEquals("0x00000005 * 0x00000005", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000019));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 * 0x00000005", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000005, 0x00000000));
/* DIV Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0, 12);
y = UInt64Create(0, 4);
AssertEquals("12 / 4", UInt64Div(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 3));
/* MOD Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x000000FF 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x00000000 0xFF000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0));
x = UInt64Create(0xFF000000, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0xFF000000 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x000000F0);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x00000000 0x000000F0 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0));
return 0;
}