From 93c4b6bfc47b72fbd5b70d410d6fed7f5a1c79f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jordan Bancino Date: Sat, 12 Aug 2023 16:30:24 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add 64-bit emulation for platforms that don't have a native 64-bit type. --- Cytoplasm/src/Int64.c | 264 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Cytoplasm/src/include/Int.h | 11 +- Cytoplasm/src/include/Int64.h | 249 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Cytoplasm/tools/int64.c | 117 +++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 634 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Cytoplasm/src/Int64.c create mode 100644 Cytoplasm/src/include/Int64.h create mode 100644 Cytoplasm/tools/int64.c diff --git a/Cytoplasm/src/Int64.c b/Cytoplasm/src/Int64.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2700e3c --- /dev/null +++ b/Cytoplasm/src/Int64.c @@ -0,0 +1,264 @@ +/* + * Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net> + * + * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person + * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files + * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, + * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, + * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, + * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, + * subject to the following conditions: + * + * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be + * included in all copies or portions of the Software. + * + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, + * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF + * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND + * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS + * BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN + * ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN + * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE + * SOFTWARE. + */ +#include + +#include +#include + +size_t +UInt64Str(UInt64 x, int base, char *out, size_t len) +{ + static const char symbols[] = "0123456789ABCDEF"; + + size_t i = len - 1; + size_t j = 0; + + UInt64 base64 = UInt64Create(0, base); + + /* We only have symbols up to base 16 */ + if (base < 2 || base > 16) + { + return 0; + } + + do + { + UInt64 mod = UInt64Rem(x, base64); + UInt32 low = UInt64Low(mod); + + out[i] = symbols[low]; + i--; + x = UInt64Div(x, base64); + } while (UInt64Gt(x, UInt64Create(0, 0))); + + while (++i < len) + { + out[j++] = out[i]; + } + + out[j] = '\0'; + + return j; +} + +#ifndef UINT64_NATIVE + +/* No native 64-bit support, add our own */ + +UInt64 +UInt64Create(UInt32 high, UInt32 low) +{ + UInt64 x; + + x.i[0] = low; + x.i[1] = high; + + return x; +} + +UInt64 +UInt64Add(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + UInt64 z = UInt64Create(0, 0); + int carry; + + z.i[0] = x.i[0] + y.i[0]; + carry = z.i[0] < x.i[0]; + z.i[1] = x.i[1] + y.i[1] + carry; + + return z; +} + +UInt64 +UInt64Sub(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + UInt64 twosCompl = UInt64Add(UInt64Not(y), UInt64Create(0, 1)); + + return UInt64Add(x, twosCompl); +} + +UInt64 +UInt64Mul(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + UInt64 z = UInt64Create(0, 0); + + /* while (y > 0) */ + while (UInt64Gt(y, UInt64Create(0, 0))) + { + /* if (y & 1 != 0) */ + if (UInt64Neq(UInt64And(y, UInt64Create(0, 1)), UInt64Create(0, 0))) + { + z = UInt64Add(z, x); + } + + x = UInt64Sll(x, 1); + y = UInt64Srl(y, 1); + } + + return z; +} + +typedef struct +{ + UInt64 q; + UInt64 r; +} UInt64Ldiv; + +static UInt64Ldiv +UInt64LongDivision(UInt64 n, UInt64 d) +{ + UInt64Ldiv o; + + int i; + + o.q = UInt64Create(0, 0); + o.r = UInt64Create(0, 0); + + if (UInt64Eq(d, UInt64Create(0, 0))) + { + raise(SIGFPE); + return o; + } + + for (i = 63; i >= 0; i--) + { + UInt64 bit = UInt64And(UInt64Srl(n, i), UInt64Create(0, 1)); + o.r = UInt64Sll(o.r, 1); + o.r = UInt64Or(o.r, bit); + + if (UInt64Geq(o.r, d)) + { + o.r = UInt64Sub(o.r, d); + o.q = UInt64Or(o.q, UInt64Sll(UInt64Create(0, 1), i)); + } + } + + return o; +} + +UInt64 +UInt64Div(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + return UInt64LongDivision(x, y).q; +} + +UInt64 +UInt64Rem(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + return UInt64LongDivision(x, y).r; +} + +UInt64 +UInt64Sll(UInt64 x, int y) +{ + UInt64 z; + + if (!y) + { + return x; + } + + z = UInt64Create(0, 0); + + if (y < 32) + { + z.i[1] = (x.i[0] >> (32 - y)) | (x.i[1] << y); + z.i[0] = x.i[0] << y; + } + else + { + z.i[1] = x.i[0] << (y - 32); + } + + return z; +} + +UInt64 +UInt64Srl(UInt64 x, int y) +{ + UInt64 z; + + if (!y) + { + return x; + } + + z = UInt64Create(0, 0); + + if (y < 32) + { + z.i[0] = (x.i[1] << (32 - y)) | (x.i[0] >> y); + z.i[1] = x.i[1] >> y; + } + else + { + z.i[0] = x.i[1] >> (y - 32); + } + + return z; +} + +UInt64 +UInt64And(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + return UInt64Create(x.i[1] & y.i[1], x.i[0] & y.i[0]); +} + +UInt64 +UInt64Or(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + return UInt64Create(x.i[1] | y.i[1], x.i[0] | y.i[0]); +} + +UInt64 +UInt64Xor(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + return UInt64Create(x.i[1] ^ y.i[1], x.i[0] ^ y.i[0]); +} + +UInt64 +UInt64Not(UInt64 x) +{ + return UInt64Create(~(x.i[1]), ~(x.i[0])); +} + +int +UInt64Eq(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + return x.i[0] == y.i[0] && x.i[1] == y.i[1]; +} + +int +UInt64Lt(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + return x.i[1] < y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] < y.i[0]); +} + +int +UInt64Gt(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + return x.i[1] > y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] > y.i[0]); +} + +#endif diff --git a/Cytoplasm/src/include/Int.h b/Cytoplasm/src/include/Int.h index bcedc91..7933a69 100644 --- a/Cytoplasm/src/include/Int.h +++ b/Cytoplasm/src/include/Int.h @@ -55,10 +55,9 @@ #include -#define BIT64_MAX 18446744073709551615 -#define BIT32_MAX 4294967295 -#define BIT16_MAX 65535 -#define BIT8_MAX 255 +#define BIT32_MAX 4294967295UL +#define BIT16_MAX 65535UL +#define BIT8_MAX 255UL #ifndef UCHAR_MAX #error Size of char data type is unknown. Define UCHAR_MAX. @@ -120,6 +119,4 @@ typedef unsigned char UInt32; #error Unable to determine suitable data type for 32-bit integers. #endif -/* The ANSI C standard only guarantees a data size of up to 32 bits. */ - -#endif +#endif /* CYTOPLASM_INT_H */ diff --git a/Cytoplasm/src/include/Int64.h b/Cytoplasm/src/include/Int64.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1227409 --- /dev/null +++ b/Cytoplasm/src/include/Int64.h @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ +/* + * Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net> + * + * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person + * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files + * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, + * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, + * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, + * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, + * subject to the following conditions: + * + * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be + * included in all copies or portions of the Software. + * + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, + * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF + * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND + * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS + * BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN + * ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN + * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE + * SOFTWARE. + */ +#ifndef CYTOPLASM_INT64_H +#define CYTOPLASM_INT64_H + +/*** + * @Nm Int64 + * @Nd Fixed-width 64 bit integers. + * @Dd August 11, 2023 + * + * .Pp + * ANSI C89 (or C99 for that matter) provides no required mechanism + * for 64 bit integers. Nevertheless, many compilers provide them as + * extensions. However, since it is not a gaurantee, and to be fully + * standards-compliant and thus portable, a platform-agnostic interface + * is required. This header provides such an interface. If the platform + * has a 64 bit integer type, that is used, and native operations are + * performed by C preprocessor macro expansion. Otherwise, a + * compatibility layer is provided, which implements 64-bit + * arithmetic on an array of 2 32-bit numbers which are provided by + * .Xr Int 3 . + * .Pp + * Note that 64-bit emulation is certainly not as performant as using + * native 64-bit operations, so whenever possible, the native + * operations should be preferred. However, since C provides no required + * 64 bit integer on 32-bit and less platforms, this API can be used as + * a "good enough" fallback mechanism. + * .Pp + * Also note that this implementation, both in the native and + * non-native forms, makes some assumptions: + * .Bl -bullet -width Ds + * .It + * When a cast from a larger integer to a smaller integer is performed, + * the upper bits are truncated, not the lower bits. + * .It + * Negative numbers are represented in memory and in registers in two's + * compliment form. + * .El + * .Pp + * This API may provide unexpected output if these assumptions are + * false for a given platform. + * + * @ignore-typedefs + */ + +#include + +#include + +#define BIT64_MAX 18446744073709551615UL + +/* TODO: Implement signed arithmetic */ + +#if UINT_MAX == BIT64_MAX +/* typedef signed int Int64; */ +typedef unsigned int UInt64; + +#define UINT64_NATIVE + +#elif ULONG_MAX == BIT64_MAX +/* typedef signed int Int64; */ +typedef unsigned long UInt64; + +#define UINT64_NATIVE + +#endif + +#ifdef UINT64_NATIVE + +#define UInt64Create(high, low) (((UInt64) (high) << 32) | (low)) +#define UInt64Low(a) ((UInt32) ((a) & 0x00000000FFFFFFFF)) +#define UInt64High(a) ((UInt32) ((a) >> 32)) + +#define UInt64Add(a, b) ((a) + (b)) +#define UInt64Sub(a, b) ((a) - (b)) +#define UInt64Mul(a, b) ((a) * (b)) +#define UInt64Div(a, b) ((a) / (b)) +#define UInt64Rem(a, b) ((a) % (b)) + +#define UInt64Bsl(a, b) ((a) << (b)) +#define UInt64Bsr(a, b) ((a) >> (b)) + +#define UInt64And(a, b) ((a) & (b)) +#define UInt64Or(a, b) ((a) | (b)) +#define UInt64Xor(a, b) ((a) ^ (b)) +#define UInt64Not(a) (~(a)) + +#define UInt64Eq(a, b) ((a) == (b)) +#define UInt64Lt(a, b) ((a) < (b)) +#define UInt64Gt(a, b) ((a) > (b)) + +#define UInt64Neq(a, b) ((a) != (b)) +#define UInt64Leq(a, b) ((a) <= (b)) +#define UInt64Geq(a, b) ((a) >= (b)) + +#else + +/** + * For platforms that do not have a native integer large enough to + * store a 64 bit integer, this struct is used. i[0] contains the low + * bits of integer, and i[1] contains the high bits of the integer. + * .Pp + * This struct should not be accessed directly, because UInt64 may not + * actually be this struct, it might be an actual integer type. For + * maximum portability, only use the functions defined here to + * manipulate 64 bit integers. + */ +typedef struct +{ + UInt32 i[2]; +} UInt64; + +/** + * Create a new unsigned 64 bit integer using the given high and low + * bits. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64Create(UInt32, UInt32); + +/** + * Add two unsigned 64 bit integers together. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64Add(UInt64, UInt64); + +/** + * Subtract the second 64 bit integer from the first. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64Sub(UInt64, UInt64); + +/** + * Multiply two 64 bit integers together. The non-native version of + * this function uses the Russian Peasant method of multiplication, + * which should afford more performance than a naive multiplication by + * addition, but it is still rather slow and depends on the size of + * the integers being multiplied. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64Mul(UInt64, UInt64); + +/** + * Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the + * quotient. The non-native version of this function uses naive binary + * long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant + * time. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64Div(UInt64, UInt64); + +/** + * Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the + * remainder. The non-native version of this function uses naive binary + * long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant + * time. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64Rem(UInt64, UInt64); + +/** + * Perform a left logical bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second + * parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular + * integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64Sll(UInt64, int); + +/** + * Perform a right logical bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second + * parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular + * integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64Srl(UInt64, int); + +/** + * Perform a bitwise AND (&) of the provided 64 bit integers. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64And(UInt64, UInt64); + +/** + * Perform a bitwise OR (|) of the provided 64 bit integers. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64Or(UInt64, UInt64); + +/** + * Perform a bitwise XOR (^) of the provided 64 bit integers. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64Xor(UInt64, UInt64); + +/** + * Perform a bitwise NOT (~) of the provided 64 bit integer. + */ +extern UInt64 UInt64Not(UInt64); + +/** + * Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C + * boolean that is true if and only if they are equal. +extern int UInt64Eq(UInt64, UInt64); + +/** + * Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C + * boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly + * less than the first. + */ +extern int UInt64Lt(UInt64, UInt64); + +/** + * Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C + * boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly + * greater than the first. + */ +extern int UInt64Gt(UInt64, UInt64); + +#define UInt64Low(a) ((a).i[0]) +#define UInt64High(a) ((a).i[1]) + +#define UInt64Neq(a, b) (!UInt64Eq(a, b)) +#define UInt64Leq(a, b) (UInt64Eq(a, b) || UInt64Lt(a, b)) +#define UInt64Geq(a, b) (UInt64Eq(a, b) || UInt64Gt(a, b)) + +#endif + +#define UINT64_STRBUF 65 /* Base 2 representation with '\0' */ + +/** + * Convert a 64 bit integer to a string in an arbitrary base + * representation specified by the second parameter, using the provided + * buffer and length specified by the third and fourth parameters. To + * guarantee that the string will fit in the buffer, allocate it of + * size UINT64_STRBUF or larger. Note that a buffer size smaller than + * UINT64_STRBUF will invoke undefined behavior. + */ +extern size_t UInt64Str(UInt64, int, char *, size_t); + +#endif /* CYTOPLASM_INT64_H */ diff --git a/Cytoplasm/tools/int64.c b/Cytoplasm/tools/int64.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15feb51 --- /dev/null +++ b/Cytoplasm/tools/int64.c @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +#include + +#include + +/* AssertEquals(actual, expected) */ +int AssertEquals(char *msg, UInt64 x, UInt64 y) +{ + if (!UInt64Eq(x, y)) + { + Log(LOG_ERR, "%s: Expected 0x%X 0x%X, got 0x%X 0x%X", msg, + UInt64High(y), UInt64Low(y), + UInt64High(x), UInt64Low(x)); + + return 0; + } + + return 1; +} + +int Main(void) +{ + UInt64 x, y; + + Log(LOG_INFO, "sizeof(UInt64) = %lu", sizeof(UInt64)); + +#ifdef UINT64_NATIVE + Log(LOG_INFO, "Using native 64-bit integers."); +#else + Log(LOG_INFO, "Using emulated 64-bit integers."); +#endif + + /* BSR Tests */ + + x = UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000); + + y = UInt64Bsr(x, 4); + AssertEquals("x >> 4", y, UInt64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000)); + + y = UInt64Bsr(x, 8); + AssertEquals("x >> 8", y, UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000)); + + y = UInt64Bsr(x, 36); + AssertEquals("x >> 36", y, UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x0000000F)); + + /* BSL Tests */ + + x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000); + + y = UInt64Bsl(x, 4); + AssertEquals("x << 4", y, UInt64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000)); + + y = UInt64Bsl(x, 8); + AssertEquals("x << 8", y, UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000)); + + y = UInt64Bsl(x, 36); + AssertEquals("x << 36", y, UInt64Create(0xF0000000, 0x00000000)); + + /* ADD Tests */ + + x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000001); + y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002); + AssertEquals("0xF0000001 + 0x00000002", UInt64Add(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000003)); + + x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000000); + y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x10000000); + AssertEquals("0xF0000000 + 0x10000000", UInt64Add(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000)); + + /* SUB Tests */ + x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005); + y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002); + AssertEquals("0x00000005 - 0x00000002", UInt64Sub(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000003)); + + x = UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000); + y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000001); + AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 - 0x00000001", UInt64Sub(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF)); + + /* MUL Tests */ + x = UInt64Create(0, 18); + y = UInt64Create(0, 1); + AssertEquals("18 * 1", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 18)); + + x = UInt64Create(0, 20); + y = UInt64Create(0, 12); + AssertEquals("20 * 12", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 240)); + + x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005); + y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005); + AssertEquals("0x00000005 * 0x00000005", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000019)); + + x = UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000); + y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005); + AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 * 0x00000005", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000005, 0x00000000)); + + /* DIV Tests */ + x = UInt64Create(0, 12); + y = UInt64Create(0, 4); + AssertEquals("12 / 4", UInt64Div(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 3)); + + /* MOD Tests */ + x = UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000); + y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010); + AssertEquals("0x000000FF 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0)); + + x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000); + y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010); + AssertEquals("0x00000000 0xFF000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0)); + + x = UInt64Create(0xFF000000, 0x00000000); + y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010); + AssertEquals("0xFF000000 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0)); + + x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x000000F0); + y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010); + AssertEquals("0x00000000 0x000000F0 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0)); + + return 0; +}