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Add signed 64-bit integer support.

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This commit is contained in:
Jordan Bancino 2023-08-12 19:59:16 +00:00
parent 92b1e60c4c
commit 63f835d006
6 changed files with 966 additions and 189 deletions
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251
src/Int64.c
View file

@ -26,15 +26,28 @@
#include <stddef.h> #include <stddef.h>
#include <signal.h> #include <signal.h>
#ifdef INT64_NATIVE
#define Int64Sign(x) ((int) (((UInt64) (x)) >> 63))
#else
#define Int64Sign(x) ((int) ((x).i[1] >> 31))
#endif
size_t size_t
UInt64Str(UInt64 x, int base, char *out, size_t len) Int64Str(Int64 x, int base, char *out, size_t len)
{ {
static const char symbols[] = "0123456789ABCDEF"; static const char symbols[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
size_t i = len - 1; size_t i = len - 1;
size_t j = 0; size_t j = 0;
UInt64 base64 = UInt64Create(0, base); int neg = Int64Sign(x);
Int64 base64 = Int64Create(0, base);
if (neg)
{
x = Int64Neg(x);
}
/* We only have symbols up to base 16 */ /* We only have symbols up to base 16 */
if (base < 2 || base > 16) if (base < 2 || base > 16)
@ -44,13 +57,27 @@ UInt64Str(UInt64 x, int base, char *out, size_t len)
do do
{ {
UInt64 mod = UInt64Rem(x, base64); Int64 mod = Int64Rem(x, base64);
UInt32 low = UInt64Low(mod); Int32 low = Int64Low(mod);
out[i] = symbols[low]; out[i] = symbols[low];
i--; i--;
x = UInt64Div(x, base64); x = Int64Div(x, base64);
} while (UInt64Gt(x, UInt64Create(0, 0))); } while (Int64Gt(x, Int64Create(0, 0)));
/*
* Binary, octal, and hexadecimal are known to
* be bit representations. Everything else (notably
* decimal) should include the negative sign.
*/
if (base != 2 && base != 8 && base != 16)
{
if (neg)
{
out[i] = '-';
i--;
}
}
while (++i < len) while (++i < len)
{ {
@ -62,14 +89,14 @@ UInt64Str(UInt64 x, int base, char *out, size_t len)
return j; return j;
} }
#ifndef UINT64_NATIVE #ifndef INT64_NATIVE
/* No native 64-bit support, add our own */ /* No native 64-bit support, add our own */
UInt64 Int64
UInt64Create(UInt32 high, UInt32 low) Int64Create(UInt32 high, UInt32 low)
{ {
UInt64 x; Int64 x;
x.i[0] = low; x.i[0] = low;
x.i[1] = high; x.i[1] = high;
@ -77,10 +104,10 @@ UInt64Create(UInt32 high, UInt32 low)
return x; return x;
} }
UInt64 Int64
UInt64Add(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) Int64Add(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
UInt64 z = UInt64Create(0, 0); Int64 z = Int64Create(0, 0);
int carry; int carry;
z.i[0] = x.i[0] + y.i[0]; z.i[0] = x.i[0] + y.i[0];
@ -90,30 +117,46 @@ UInt64Add(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
return z; return z;
} }
UInt64 Int64
UInt64Sub(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) Int64Sub(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
UInt64 twosCompl = UInt64Add(UInt64Not(y), UInt64Create(0, 1)); return Int64Add(x, Int64Neg(y));
return UInt64Add(x, twosCompl);
} }
UInt64 Int64
UInt64Mul(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) Int64Mul(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
UInt64 z = UInt64Create(0, 0); Int64 z = Int64Create(0, 0);
/* while (y > 0) */ int xneg = Int64Sign(x);
while (UInt64Gt(y, UInt64Create(0, 0))) int yneg = Int64Sign(y);
if (xneg)
{ {
/* if (y & 1 != 0) */ x = Int64Neg(x);
if (UInt64Neq(UInt64And(y, UInt64Create(0, 1)), UInt64Create(0, 0)))
{
z = UInt64Add(z, x);
} }
x = UInt64Sll(x, 1); if (yneg)
y = UInt64Srl(y, 1); {
y = Int64Neg(y);
}
/* while (y > 0) */
while (Int64Gt(y, Int64Create(0, 0)))
{
/* if (y & 1 != 0) */
if (Int64Neq(Int64And(y, Int64Create(0, 1)), Int64Create(0, 0)))
{
z = Int64Add(z, x);
}
x = Int64Sll(x, 1);
y = Int64Sra(y, 1);
}
if (xneg != yneg)
{
z = Int64Neg(z);
} }
return z; return z;
@ -121,65 +164,84 @@ UInt64Mul(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
typedef struct typedef struct
{ {
UInt64 q; Int64 q;
UInt64 r; Int64 r;
} UInt64Ldiv; } Int64Ldiv;
static UInt64Ldiv static Int64Ldiv
UInt64LongDivision(UInt64 n, UInt64 d) Int64LongDivision(Int64 n, Int64 d)
{ {
UInt64Ldiv o; Int64Ldiv o;
int i; int i;
o.q = UInt64Create(0, 0); int nneg = Int64Sign(n);
o.r = UInt64Create(0, 0); int dneg = Int64Sign(d);
if (UInt64Eq(d, UInt64Create(0, 0))) o.q = Int64Create(0, 0);
o.r = Int64Create(0, 0);
if (Int64Eq(d, Int64Create(0, 0)))
{ {
raise(SIGFPE); raise(SIGFPE);
return o; return o;
} }
if (nneg)
{
n = Int64Neg(n);
}
if (dneg)
{
d = Int64Neg(d);
}
for (i = 63; i >= 0; i--) for (i = 63; i >= 0; i--)
{ {
UInt64 bit = UInt64And(UInt64Srl(n, i), UInt64Create(0, 1)); Int64 bit = Int64And(Int64Sra(n, i), Int64Create(0, 1));
o.r = UInt64Sll(o.r, 1); o.r = Int64Sll(o.r, 1);
o.r = UInt64Or(o.r, bit); o.r = Int64Or(o.r, bit);
if (UInt64Geq(o.r, d)) if (Int64Geq(o.r, d))
{ {
o.r = UInt64Sub(o.r, d); o.r = Int64Sub(o.r, d);
o.q = UInt64Or(o.q, UInt64Sll(UInt64Create(0, 1), i)); o.q = Int64Or(o.q, Int64Sll(Int64Create(0, 1), i));
} }
} }
if (nneg != dneg)
{
o.r = Int64Neg(o.r);
o.q = Int64Neg(o.q);
}
return o; return o;
} }
UInt64 Int64
UInt64Div(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) Int64Div(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
return UInt64LongDivision(x, y).q; return Int64LongDivision(x, y).q;
} }
UInt64 Int64
UInt64Rem(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) Int64Rem(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
return UInt64LongDivision(x, y).r; return Int64LongDivision(x, y).r;
} }
UInt64 Int64
UInt64Sll(UInt64 x, int y) Int64Sll(Int64 x, int y)
{ {
UInt64 z; Int64 z;
if (!y) if (!y)
{ {
return x; return x;
} }
z = UInt64Create(0, 0); z = Int64Create(0, 0);
if (y < 32) if (y < 32)
{ {
@ -194,17 +256,19 @@ UInt64Sll(UInt64 x, int y)
return z; return z;
} }
UInt64 Int64
UInt64Srl(UInt64 x, int y) Int64Sra(Int64 x, int y)
{ {
UInt64 z; Int64 z;
int neg = Int64Sign(x);
if (!y) if (!y)
{ {
return x; return x;
} }
z = UInt64Create(0, 0); z = Int64Create(0, 0);
if (y < 32) if (y < 32)
{ {
@ -216,49 +280,90 @@ UInt64Srl(UInt64 x, int y)
z.i[0] = x.i[1] >> (y - 32); z.i[0] = x.i[1] >> (y - 32);
} }
if (neg)
{
Int64 mask = Int64Create(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
z = Int64Or(Int64Sll(mask, (64 - y)), z);
}
return z; return z;
} }
UInt64 Int64
UInt64And(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) Int64And(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
return UInt64Create(x.i[1] & y.i[1], x.i[0] & y.i[0]); return Int64Create(x.i[1] & y.i[1], x.i[0] & y.i[0]);
} }
UInt64 Int64
UInt64Or(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) Int64Or(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
return UInt64Create(x.i[1] | y.i[1], x.i[0] | y.i[0]); return Int64Create(x.i[1] | y.i[1], x.i[0] | y.i[0]);
} }
UInt64 Int64
UInt64Xor(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) Int64Xor(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
return UInt64Create(x.i[1] ^ y.i[1], x.i[0] ^ y.i[0]); return Int64Create(x.i[1] ^ y.i[1], x.i[0] ^ y.i[0]);
} }
UInt64 Int64
UInt64Not(UInt64 x) Int64Not(Int64 x)
{ {
return UInt64Create(~(x.i[1]), ~(x.i[0])); return Int64Create(~(x.i[1]), ~(x.i[0]));
} }
int int
UInt64Eq(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) Int64Eq(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
return x.i[0] == y.i[0] && x.i[1] == y.i[1]; return x.i[0] == y.i[0] && x.i[1] == y.i[1];
} }
int int
UInt64Lt(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) Int64Lt(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
int xneg = Int64Sign(x);
int yneg = Int64Sign(y);
if (xneg != yneg)
{
return xneg > yneg;
}
else
{
if (xneg) /* Both negative */
{
return x.i[1] > y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] > y.i[0]);
}
else /* Both positive */
{
return x.i[1] < y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] < y.i[0]); return x.i[1] < y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] < y.i[0]);
}
}
} }
int int
UInt64Gt(UInt64 x, UInt64 y) Int64Gt(Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
int xneg = Int64Sign(x);
int yneg = Int64Sign(y);
if (xneg != yneg)
{
return xneg < yneg;
}
else
{
if (xneg) /* Both negative */
{
return x.i[1] < y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] < y.i[0]);
}
else /* Both positive */
{
return x.i[1] > y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] > y.i[0]); return x.i[1] > y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] > y.i[0]);
}
}
} }
#endif #endif

264
src/UInt64.c Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#include <UInt64.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <signal.h>
size_t
UInt64Str(UInt64 x, int base, char *out, size_t len)
{
static const char symbols[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
size_t i = len - 1;
size_t j = 0;
UInt64 base64 = UInt64Create(0, base);
/* We only have symbols up to base 16 */
if (base < 2 || base > 16)
{
return 0;
}
do
{
UInt64 mod = UInt64Rem(x, base64);
UInt32 low = UInt64Low(mod);
out[i] = symbols[low];
i--;
x = UInt64Div(x, base64);
} while (UInt64Gt(x, UInt64Create(0, 0)));
while (++i < len)
{
out[j++] = out[i];
}
out[j] = '\0';
return j;
}
#ifndef UINT64_NATIVE
/* No native 64-bit support, add our own */
UInt64
UInt64Create(UInt32 high, UInt32 low)
{
UInt64 x;
x.i[0] = low;
x.i[1] = high;
return x;
}
UInt64
UInt64Add(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
UInt64 z = UInt64Create(0, 0);
int carry;
z.i[0] = x.i[0] + y.i[0];
carry = z.i[0] < x.i[0];
z.i[1] = x.i[1] + y.i[1] + carry;
return z;
}
UInt64
UInt64Sub(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
UInt64 twosCompl = UInt64Add(UInt64Not(y), UInt64Create(0, 1));
return UInt64Add(x, twosCompl);
}
UInt64
UInt64Mul(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
UInt64 z = UInt64Create(0, 0);
/* while (y > 0) */
while (UInt64Gt(y, UInt64Create(0, 0)))
{
/* if (y & 1 != 0) */
if (UInt64Neq(UInt64And(y, UInt64Create(0, 1)), UInt64Create(0, 0)))
{
z = UInt64Add(z, x);
}
x = UInt64Sll(x, 1);
y = UInt64Srl(y, 1);
}
return z;
}
typedef struct
{
UInt64 q;
UInt64 r;
} UInt64Ldiv;
static UInt64Ldiv
UInt64LongDivision(UInt64 n, UInt64 d)
{
UInt64Ldiv o;
int i;
o.q = UInt64Create(0, 0);
o.r = UInt64Create(0, 0);
if (UInt64Eq(d, UInt64Create(0, 0)))
{
raise(SIGFPE);
return o;
}
for (i = 63; i >= 0; i--)
{
UInt64 bit = UInt64And(UInt64Srl(n, i), UInt64Create(0, 1));
o.r = UInt64Sll(o.r, 1);
o.r = UInt64Or(o.r, bit);
if (UInt64Geq(o.r, d))
{
o.r = UInt64Sub(o.r, d);
o.q = UInt64Or(o.q, UInt64Sll(UInt64Create(0, 1), i));
}
}
return o;
}
UInt64
UInt64Div(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return UInt64LongDivision(x, y).q;
}
UInt64
UInt64Rem(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return UInt64LongDivision(x, y).r;
}
UInt64
UInt64Sll(UInt64 x, int y)
{
UInt64 z;
if (!y)
{
return x;
}
z = UInt64Create(0, 0);
if (y < 32)
{
z.i[1] = (x.i[0] >> (32 - y)) | (x.i[1] << y);
z.i[0] = x.i[0] << y;
}
else
{
z.i[1] = x.i[0] << (y - 32);
}
return z;
}
UInt64
UInt64Srl(UInt64 x, int y)
{
UInt64 z;
if (!y)
{
return x;
}
z = UInt64Create(0, 0);
if (y < 32)
{
z.i[0] = (x.i[1] << (32 - y)) | (x.i[0] >> y);
z.i[1] = x.i[1] >> y;
}
else
{
z.i[0] = x.i[1] >> (y - 32);
}
return z;
}
UInt64
UInt64And(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return UInt64Create(x.i[1] & y.i[1], x.i[0] & y.i[0]);
}
UInt64
UInt64Or(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return UInt64Create(x.i[1] | y.i[1], x.i[0] | y.i[0]);
}
UInt64
UInt64Xor(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return UInt64Create(x.i[1] ^ y.i[1], x.i[0] ^ y.i[0]);
}
UInt64
UInt64Not(UInt64 x)
{
return UInt64Create(~(x.i[1]), ~(x.i[0]));
}
int
UInt64Eq(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return x.i[0] == y.i[0] && x.i[1] == y.i[1];
}
int
UInt64Lt(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return x.i[1] < y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] < y.i[0]);
}
int
UInt64Gt(UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
return x.i[1] > y.i[1] || (x.i[1] == y.i[1] && x.i[0] > y.i[0]);
}
#endif

131
src/include/Int64.h
View file

@ -65,57 +65,62 @@
*/ */
#include <Int.h> #include <Int.h>
#include <UInt64.h>
#include <stddef.h> #include <stddef.h>
#if 0 /* TODO REMOVE */
#define BIT64_MAX 18446744073709551615UL #define BIT64_MAX 18446744073709551615UL
/* TODO: Implement signed arithmetic */
#if UINT_MAX == BIT64_MAX #if UINT_MAX == BIT64_MAX
/* typedef signed int Int64; */ typedef signed int Int64;
typedef unsigned int UInt64;
#define UINT64_NATIVE #define INT64_NATIVE
#elif ULONG_MAX == BIT64_MAX #elif ULONG_MAX == BIT64_MAX
/* typedef signed int Int64; */ typedef signed long Int64;
typedef unsigned long UInt64;
#define UINT64_NATIVE #define INT64_NATIVE
#endif #endif
#ifdef UINT64_NATIVE #endif /* TODO REMOVE */
#define UInt64Create(high, low) (((UInt64) (high) << 32) | (low)) #ifdef INT64_NATIVE
#define UInt64Low(a) ((UInt32) ((a) & 0x00000000FFFFFFFF))
#define UInt64High(a) ((UInt32) ((a) >> 32))
#define UInt64Add(a, b) ((a) + (b)) #define Int64Create(high, low) ((Int64) (((UInt64) (high) << 32) | (low)))
#define UInt64Sub(a, b) ((a) - (b)) #define Int64Neg(x) (-(x))
#define UInt64Mul(a, b) ((a) * (b))
#define UInt64Div(a, b) ((a) / (b))
#define UInt64Rem(a, b) ((a) % (b))
#define UInt64Bsl(a, b) ((a) << (b)) #define Int64Low(a) ((UInt32) (a))
#define UInt64Bsr(a, b) ((a) >> (b)) #define Int64High(a) ((UInt32) ((a) >> 32))
#define UInt64And(a, b) ((a) & (b)) #define Int64Add(a, b) ((a) + (b))
#define UInt64Or(a, b) ((a) | (b)) #define Int64Sub(a, b) ((a) - (b))
#define UInt64Xor(a, b) ((a) ^ (b)) #define Int64Mul(a, b) ((a) * (b))
#define UInt64Not(a) (~(a)) #define Int64Div(a, b) ((a) / (b))
#define Int64Rem(a, b) ((a) % (b))
#define UInt64Eq(a, b) ((a) == (b)) #define Int64Sll(a, b) ((a) << (b))
#define UInt64Lt(a, b) ((a) < (b)) #define Int64Sra(a, b) ((a) >> (b))
#define UInt64Gt(a, b) ((a) > (b))
#define UInt64Neq(a, b) ((a) != (b)) #define Int64And(a, b) ((a) & (b))
#define UInt64Leq(a, b) ((a) <= (b)) #define Int64Or(a, b) ((a) | (b))
#define UInt64Geq(a, b) ((a) >= (b)) #define Int64Xor(a, b) ((a) ^ (b))
#define Int64Not(a) (~(a))
#define Int64Eq(a, b) ((a) == (b))
#define Int64Lt(a, b) ((a) < (b))
#define Int64Gt(a, b) ((a) > (b))
#define Int64Neq(a, b) ((a) != (b))
#define Int64Leq(a, b) ((a) <= (b))
#define Int64Geq(a, b) ((a) >= (b))
#else #else
#define Int64Neg(x) (Int64Add(Int64Not(x), Int64Create(0, 1)))
/** /**
* For platforms that do not have a native integer large enough to * For platforms that do not have a native integer large enough to
* store a 64 bit integer, this struct is used. i[0] contains the low * store a 64 bit integer, this struct is used. i[0] contains the low
@ -128,24 +133,30 @@ typedef unsigned long UInt64;
*/ */
typedef struct typedef struct
{ {
/*
* Unsigned, because we will deal with the sign bits ourselves.
* This also allows well-defined casting between signed and
* unsigned integers.
*/
UInt32 i[2]; UInt32 i[2];
} UInt64; } Int64;
/** /**
* Create a new unsigned 64 bit integer using the given high and low * Create a new signed 64 bit integer using the given high and low
* bits. * bits.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64Create(UInt32, UInt32); extern Int64 Int64Create(UInt32, UInt32);
/** /**
* Add two unsigned 64 bit integers together. * Add two signed 64 bit integers together.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64Add(UInt64, UInt64); extern Int64 Int64Add(Int64, Int64);
/** /**
* Subtract the second 64 bit integer from the first. * Subtract the second 64 bit integer from the first.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64Sub(UInt64, UInt64); extern Int64 Int64Sub(Int64, Int64);
/** /**
* Multiply two 64 bit integers together. The non-native version of * Multiply two 64 bit integers together. The non-native version of
@ -154,7 +165,7 @@ extern UInt64 UInt64Sub(UInt64, UInt64);
* addition, but it is still rather slow and depends on the size of * addition, but it is still rather slow and depends on the size of
* the integers being multiplied. * the integers being multiplied.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64Mul(UInt64, UInt64); extern Int64 Int64Mul(Int64, Int64);
/** /**
* Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the * Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the
@ -162,7 +173,7 @@ extern UInt64 UInt64Mul(UInt64, UInt64);
* long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant * long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant
* time. * time.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64Div(UInt64, UInt64); extern Int64 Int64Div(Int64, Int64);
/** /**
* Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the * Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the
@ -170,80 +181,86 @@ extern UInt64 UInt64Div(UInt64, UInt64);
* long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant * long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant
* time. * time.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64Rem(UInt64, UInt64); extern Int64 Int64Rem(Int64, Int64);
/** /**
* Perform a left logical bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second * Perform a left logical bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second
* parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular * parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular
* integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense. * integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64Sll(UInt64, int); extern Int64 Int64Sll(Int64, int);
/** /**
* Perform a right logical bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second * Perform a right arithmetic bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second
* parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular * parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular
* integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense. * integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense.
* .Pp
* Note that on platforms that use the native 64-bit implementation,
* this is technically implementation-defined, and may in fact be a
* logical shift instead of an arithmetic shift. Note that typically
* this operation is not performed on signed integers.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64Srl(UInt64, int); extern Int64 Int64Sra(Int64, int);
/** /**
* Perform a bitwise AND (&) of the provided 64 bit integers. * Perform a bitwise AND (&) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64And(UInt64, UInt64); extern Int64 Int64And(Int64, Int64);
/** /**
* Perform a bitwise OR (|) of the provided 64 bit integers. * Perform a bitwise OR (|) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64Or(UInt64, UInt64); extern Int64 Int64Or(Int64, Int64);
/** /**
* Perform a bitwise XOR (^) of the provided 64 bit integers. * Perform a bitwise XOR (^) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64Xor(UInt64, UInt64); extern Int64 Int64Xor(Int64, Int64);
/** /**
* Perform a bitwise NOT (~) of the provided 64 bit integer. * Perform a bitwise NOT (~) of the provided 64 bit integer.
*/ */
extern UInt64 UInt64Not(UInt64); extern Int64 Int64Not(Int64);
/** /**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C * Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if they are equal. * boolean that is true if and only if they are equal.
extern int UInt64Eq(UInt64, UInt64); */
extern int Int64Eq(Int64, Int64);
/** /**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C * Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly * boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly
* less than the first. * less than the first.
*/ */
extern int UInt64Lt(UInt64, UInt64); extern int Int64Lt(Int64, Int64);
/** /**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C * Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly * boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly
* greater than the first. * greater than the first.
*/ */
extern int UInt64Gt(UInt64, UInt64); extern int Int64Gt(Int64, Int64);
#define UInt64Low(a) ((a).i[0]) #define Int64Low(a) ((a).i[0])
#define UInt64High(a) ((a).i[1]) #define Int64High(a) ((a).i[1])
#define UInt64Neq(a, b) (!UInt64Eq(a, b)) #define Int64Neq(a, b) (!Int64Eq(a, b))
#define UInt64Leq(a, b) (UInt64Eq(a, b) || UInt64Lt(a, b)) #define Int64Leq(a, b) (Int64Eq(a, b) || Int64Lt(a, b))
#define UInt64Geq(a, b) (UInt64Eq(a, b) || UInt64Gt(a, b)) #define Int64Geq(a, b) (Int64Eq(a, b) || Int64Gt(a, b))
#endif #endif
#define UINT64_STRBUF 65 /* Base 2 representation with '\0' */ #define INT64_STRBUF 65 /* Base 2 representation with '\0' */
/** /**
* Convert a 64 bit integer to a string in an arbitrary base * Convert a 64 bit integer to a string in an arbitrary base
* representation specified by the second parameter, using the provided * representation specified by the second parameter, using the provided
* buffer and length specified by the third and fourth parameters. To * buffer and length specified by the third and fourth parameters. To
* guarantee that the string will fit in the buffer, allocate it of * guarantee that the string will fit in the buffer, allocate it of
* size UINT64_STRBUF or larger. Note that a buffer size smaller than * size INT64_STRBUF or larger. Note that a buffer size smaller than
* UINT64_STRBUF will invoke undefined behavior. * INT64_STRBUF will invoke undefined behavior.
*/ */
extern size_t UInt64Str(UInt64, int, char *, size_t); extern size_t Int64Str(Int64, int, char *, size_t);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_INT64_H */ #endif /* CYTOPLASM_INT64_H */

249
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@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
/*
* Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Jordan Bancino <@jordan:bancino.net>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
* (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
* including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
* publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
* and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef CYTOPLASM_UINT64_H
#define CYTOPLASM_UINT64_H
/***
* @Nm Int64
* @Nd Fixed-width 64 bit integers.
* @Dd August 11, 2023
*
* .Pp
* ANSI C89 (or C99 for that matter) provides no required mechanism
* for 64 bit integers. Nevertheless, many compilers provide them as
* extensions. However, since it is not a gaurantee, and to be fully
* standards-compliant and thus portable, a platform-agnostic interface
* is required. This header provides such an interface. If the platform
* has a 64 bit integer type, that is used, and native operations are
* performed by C preprocessor macro expansion. Otherwise, a
* compatibility layer is provided, which implements 64-bit
* arithmetic on an array of 2 32-bit numbers which are provided by
* .Xr Int 3 .
* .Pp
* Note that 64-bit emulation is certainly not as performant as using
* native 64-bit operations, so whenever possible, the native
* operations should be preferred. However, since C provides no required
* 64 bit integer on 32-bit and less platforms, this API can be used as
* a "good enough" fallback mechanism.
* .Pp
* Also note that this implementation, both in the native and
* non-native forms, makes some assumptions:
* .Bl -bullet -width Ds
* .It
* When a cast from a larger integer to a smaller integer is performed,
* the upper bits are truncated, not the lower bits.
* .It
* Negative numbers are represented in memory and in registers in two's
* compliment form.
* .El
* .Pp
* This API may provide unexpected output if these assumptions are
* false for a given platform.
*
* @ignore-typedefs
*/
#include <Int.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#define BIT64_MAX 18446744073709551615UL
/* TODO: Implement signed arithmetic */
#if UINT_MAX == BIT64_MAX
/* typedef signed int Int64; */
typedef unsigned int UInt64;
#define UINT64_NATIVE
#elif ULONG_MAX == BIT64_MAX
/* typedef signed int Int64; */
typedef unsigned long UInt64;
#define UINT64_NATIVE
#endif
#ifdef UINT64_NATIVE
#define UInt64Create(high, low) (((UInt64) (high) << 32) | (low))
#define UInt64Low(a) ((UInt32) ((a) & 0x00000000FFFFFFFF))
#define UInt64High(a) ((UInt32) ((a) >> 32))
#define UInt64Add(a, b) ((a) + (b))
#define UInt64Sub(a, b) ((a) - (b))
#define UInt64Mul(a, b) ((a) * (b))
#define UInt64Div(a, b) ((a) / (b))
#define UInt64Rem(a, b) ((a) % (b))
#define UInt64Sll(a, b) ((a) << (b))
#define UInt64Srl(a, b) ((a) >> (b))
#define UInt64And(a, b) ((a) & (b))
#define UInt64Or(a, b) ((a) | (b))
#define UInt64Xor(a, b) ((a) ^ (b))
#define UInt64Not(a) (~(a))
#define UInt64Eq(a, b) ((a) == (b))
#define UInt64Lt(a, b) ((a) < (b))
#define UInt64Gt(a, b) ((a) > (b))
#define UInt64Neq(a, b) ((a) != (b))
#define UInt64Leq(a, b) ((a) <= (b))
#define UInt64Geq(a, b) ((a) >= (b))
#else
/**
* For platforms that do not have a native integer large enough to
* store a 64 bit integer, this struct is used. i[0] contains the low
* bits of integer, and i[1] contains the high bits of the integer.
* .Pp
* This struct should not be accessed directly, because UInt64 may not
* actually be this struct, it might be an actual integer type. For
* maximum portability, only use the functions defined here to
* manipulate 64 bit integers.
*/
typedef struct
{
UInt32 i[2];
} UInt64;
/**
* Create a new unsigned 64 bit integer using the given high and low
* bits.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Create(UInt32, UInt32);
/**
* Add two unsigned 64 bit integers together.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Add(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Subtract the second 64 bit integer from the first.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Sub(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Multiply two 64 bit integers together. The non-native version of
* this function uses the Russian Peasant method of multiplication,
* which should afford more performance than a naive multiplication by
* addition, but it is still rather slow and depends on the size of
* the integers being multiplied.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Mul(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the
* quotient. The non-native version of this function uses naive binary
* long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant
* time.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Div(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Divide the first 64 bit integer by the second and return the
* remainder. The non-native version of this function uses naive binary
* long division, which is slow, but gauranteed to finish in constant
* time.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Rem(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a left logical bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second
* parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular
* integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Sll(UInt64, int);
/**
* Perform a right logical bit shift of a 64 bit integer. The second
* parameter is how many places to shift, and is declared as a regular
* integer because anything more than 64 does not make sense.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Srl(UInt64, int);
/**
* Perform a bitwise AND (&) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64And(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a bitwise OR (|) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Or(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a bitwise XOR (^) of the provided 64 bit integers.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Xor(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a bitwise NOT (~) of the provided 64 bit integer.
*/
extern UInt64 UInt64Not(UInt64);
/**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if they are equal.
extern int UInt64Eq(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly
* less than the first.
*/
extern int UInt64Lt(UInt64, UInt64);
/**
* Perform a comparison of the provided 64 bit integers and return a C
* boolean that is true if and only if the second operand is strictly
* greater than the first.
*/
extern int UInt64Gt(UInt64, UInt64);
#define UInt64Low(a) ((a).i[0])
#define UInt64High(a) ((a).i[1])
#define UInt64Neq(a, b) (!UInt64Eq(a, b))
#define UInt64Leq(a, b) (UInt64Eq(a, b) || UInt64Lt(a, b))
#define UInt64Geq(a, b) (UInt64Eq(a, b) || UInt64Gt(a, b))
#endif
#define UINT64_STRBUF 65 /* Base 2 representation with '\0' */
/**
* Convert a 64 bit integer to a string in an arbitrary base
* representation specified by the second parameter, using the provided
* buffer and length specified by the third and fourth parameters. To
* guarantee that the string will fit in the buffer, allocate it of
* size UINT64_STRBUF or larger. Note that a buffer size smaller than
* UINT64_STRBUF will invoke undefined behavior.
*/
extern size_t UInt64Str(UInt64, int, char *, size_t);
#endif /* CYTOPLASM_UINT64_H */

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@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
#include <Log.h> #include <Log.h>
/* AssertEquals(actual, expected) */ /* AssertEquals(actual, expected) */
int AssertEquals(char *msg, UInt64 x, UInt64 y) int AssertEquals(char *msg, Int64 x, Int64 y)
{ {
if (!UInt64Eq(x, y)) if (!Int64Eq(x, y))
{ {
Log(LOG_ERR, "%s: Expected 0x%X 0x%X, got 0x%X 0x%X", msg, Log(LOG_ERR, "%s: Expected 0x%X 0x%X, got 0x%X 0x%X", msg,
UInt64High(y), UInt64Low(y), Int64High(y), Int64Low(y),
UInt64High(x), UInt64Low(x)); Int64High(x), Int64Low(x));
return 0; return 0;
} }
@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ int AssertEquals(char *msg, UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
int Main(void) int Main(void)
{ {
UInt64 x, y; Int64 x, y;
Log(LOG_INFO, "sizeof(UInt64) = %lu", sizeof(UInt64)); Log(LOG_INFO, "sizeof(Int64) = %lu", sizeof(Int64));
#ifdef UINT64_NATIVE #ifdef INT64_NATIVE
Log(LOG_INFO, "Using native 64-bit integers."); Log(LOG_INFO, "Using native 64-bit integers.");
#else #else
Log(LOG_INFO, "Using emulated 64-bit integers."); Log(LOG_INFO, "Using emulated 64-bit integers.");
@ -31,87 +31,112 @@ int Main(void)
/* BSR Tests */ /* BSR Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000); x = Int64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Bsr(x, 4); y = Int64Sra(x, 4);
AssertEquals("x >> 4", y, UInt64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000)); AssertEquals("x >> 4", y, Int64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000));
y = UInt64Bsr(x, 8); y = Int64Sra(x, 8);
AssertEquals("x >> 8", y, UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000)); AssertEquals("x >> 8", y, Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000));
y = UInt64Bsr(x, 36); y = Int64Sra(x, 36);
AssertEquals("x >> 36", y, UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x0000000F)); AssertEquals("x >> 36", y, Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x0000000F));
x = Int64Create(0xFF000000, 0x00000000);
y = Int64Sra(x, 4);
AssertEquals("x >> 4", y, Int64Create(0xFFF00000, 0x00000000));
y = Int64Sra(x, 8);
AssertEquals("x >> 8", y, Int64Create(0xFFFF0000, 0x00000000));
y = Int64Sra(x, 63);
AssertEquals("x >> 63", y, Int64Create(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF));
/* BSL Tests */ /* BSL Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000); x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000);
y = UInt64Bsl(x, 4); y = Int64Sll(x, 4);
AssertEquals("x << 4", y, UInt64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000)); AssertEquals("x << 4", y, Int64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000));
y = UInt64Bsl(x, 8); y = Int64Sll(x, 8);
AssertEquals("x << 8", y, UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000)); AssertEquals("x << 8", y, Int64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000));
y = UInt64Bsl(x, 36); y = Int64Sll(x, 36);
AssertEquals("x << 36", y, UInt64Create(0xF0000000, 0x00000000)); AssertEquals("x << 36", y, Int64Create(0xF0000000, 0x00000000));
/* ADD Tests */ /* ADD Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000001); x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000001);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002); y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002);
AssertEquals("0xF0000001 + 0x00000002", UInt64Add(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000003)); AssertEquals("0xF0000001 + 0x00000002", Int64Add(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000003));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000000); x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x10000000); y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x10000000);
AssertEquals("0xF0000000 + 0x10000000", UInt64Add(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000)); AssertEquals("0xF0000000 + 0x10000000", Int64Add(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000));
x = Int64Create(0, 5);
y = Int64Neg(Int64Create(0, 10));
AssertEquals("5 + (-10)", Int64Add(x, y), Int64Neg(Int64Create(0, 5)));
/* SUB Tests */ /* SUB Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005); x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002); y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002);
AssertEquals("0x00000005 - 0x00000002", UInt64Sub(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000003)); AssertEquals("0x00000005 - 0x00000002", Int64Sub(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000003));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000); x = Int64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000001); y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000001);
AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 - 0x00000001", UInt64Sub(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF)); AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 - 0x00000001", Int64Sub(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF));
x = Int64Create(0, 5);
y = Int64Create(0, 10);
AssertEquals("5 - 10", Int64Sub(x, y), Int64Neg(Int64Create(0, 5)));
x = Int64Create(0, 5);
y = Int64Neg(Int64Create(0, 10));
AssertEquals("5 - (-10)", Int64Sub(x, y), Int64Create(0, 15));
/* MUL Tests */ /* MUL Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0, 18); x = Int64Create(0, 18);
y = UInt64Create(0, 1); y = Int64Create(0, 1);
AssertEquals("18 * 1", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 18)); AssertEquals("18 * 1", Int64Mul(x, y), Int64Create(0, 18));
x = UInt64Create(0, 20); x = Int64Create(0, 20);
y = UInt64Create(0, 12); y = Int64Create(0, 12);
AssertEquals("20 * 12", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 240)); AssertEquals("20 * 12", Int64Mul(x, y), Int64Create(0, 240));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005); x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005); y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
AssertEquals("0x00000005 * 0x00000005", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000019)); AssertEquals("0x00000005 * 0x00000005", Int64Mul(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000019));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000); x = Int64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005); y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 * 0x00000005", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000005, 0x00000000)); AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 * 0x00000005", Int64Mul(x, y), Int64Create(0x00000005, 0x00000000));
/* DIV Tests */ /* DIV Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0, 12); x = Int64Create(0, 12);
y = UInt64Create(0, 4); y = Int64Create(0, 4);
AssertEquals("12 / 4", UInt64Div(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 3)); AssertEquals("12 / 4", Int64Div(x, y), Int64Create(0, 3));
/* MOD Tests */ /* MOD Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000); x = Int64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010); y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x000000FF 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0)); AssertEquals("0x000000FF 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", Int64Rem(x, y), Int64Create(0, 0));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000); x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010); y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x00000000 0xFF000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0)); AssertEquals("0x00000000 0xFF000000 mod 0x00000010", Int64Rem(x, y), Int64Create(0, 0));
x = UInt64Create(0xFF000000, 0x00000000); x = Int64Create(0xFF000000, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010); y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0xFF000000 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0)); AssertEquals("0xFF000000 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", Int64Rem(x, y), Int64Create(0, 0));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x000000F0); x = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x000000F0);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010); y = Int64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x00000000 0x000000F0 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0)); AssertEquals("0x00000000 0x000000F0 mod 0x00000010", Int64Rem(x, y), Int64Create(0, 0));
/* TODO: Add more tests for negative multiplication, division, and mod */
return 0; return 0;
} }

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@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
#include <UInt64.h>
#include <Log.h>
/* AssertEquals(actual, expected) */
int AssertEquals(char *msg, UInt64 x, UInt64 y)
{
if (!UInt64Eq(x, y))
{
Log(LOG_ERR, "%s: Expected 0x%X 0x%X, got 0x%X 0x%X", msg,
UInt64High(y), UInt64Low(y),
UInt64High(x), UInt64Low(x));
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
int Main(void)
{
UInt64 x, y;
Log(LOG_INFO, "sizeof(UInt64) = %lu", sizeof(UInt64));
#ifdef UINT64_NATIVE
Log(LOG_INFO, "Using native 64-bit integers.");
#else
Log(LOG_INFO, "Using emulated 64-bit integers.");
#endif
/* BSR Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Srl(x, 4);
AssertEquals("x >> 4", y, UInt64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000));
y = UInt64Srl(x, 8);
AssertEquals("x >> 8", y, UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000));
y = UInt64Srl(x, 36);
AssertEquals("x >> 36", y, UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x0000000F));
/* BSL Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000);
y = UInt64Sll(x, 4);
AssertEquals("x << 4", y, UInt64Create(0x0000000F, 0xF0000000));
y = UInt64Sll(x, 8);
AssertEquals("x << 8", y, UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000));
y = UInt64Sll(x, 36);
AssertEquals("x << 36", y, UInt64Create(0xF0000000, 0x00000000));
/* ADD Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000001);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002);
AssertEquals("0xF0000001 + 0x00000002", UInt64Add(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000003));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xF0000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x10000000);
AssertEquals("0xF0000000 + 0x10000000", UInt64Add(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000));
/* SUB Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000002);
AssertEquals("0x00000005 - 0x00000002", UInt64Sub(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000003));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000001);
AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 - 0x00000001", UInt64Sub(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF));
/* MUL Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0, 18);
y = UInt64Create(0, 1);
AssertEquals("18 * 1", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 18));
x = UInt64Create(0, 20);
y = UInt64Create(0, 12);
AssertEquals("20 * 12", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 240));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
AssertEquals("0x00000005 * 0x00000005", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000019));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000001, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000005);
AssertEquals("0x00000001 0x00000000 * 0x00000005", UInt64Mul(x, y), UInt64Create(0x00000005, 0x00000000));
/* DIV Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0, 12);
y = UInt64Create(0, 4);
AssertEquals("12 / 4", UInt64Div(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 3));
/* MOD Tests */
x = UInt64Create(0x000000FF, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x000000FF 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0xFF000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x00000000 0xFF000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0));
x = UInt64Create(0xFF000000, 0x00000000);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0xFF000000 0x00000000 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0));
x = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x000000F0);
y = UInt64Create(0x00000000, 0x00000010);
AssertEquals("0x00000000 0x000000F0 mod 0x00000010", UInt64Rem(x, y), UInt64Create(0, 0));
return 0;
}